313 - Urinary Tract Obstruction

Question 1

What is the most common cause for UTO in children?

Answer 1

abnormal insertion of the ureter to the bladder

Question 2

__ __ __ is the most common cause for bilateral hydronephrosis in boys.

Answer 2

posterior urethral valves

Question 3

In adults, UTO is caused usually due to acquired etiologies such as: 3

Answer 3

pelvic tumors
stones
strictures (BPH)

Question 4

LUTS- __

Answer 4

lower urinary tract symptoms

Question 5

Back pain during urination is pathognomonic for __.

Answer 5

vesicoureteral reflux

Question 6

At the first stages of the obstruction signs may resemble ___ (increased serum__, concentrated __).

Answer 6

prerenal azotemia
BUN/Cr
urine

Question 7

Later stages of obstruction symptoms may include- __ and __. the reason is the renal failure to __ the urine.

Answer 7

polyuria
nocturia
concentrate

Question 8

natriuresis=__

Answer 8

renal failure to concentrate urine

Question 9

Which factors may contribute to natriuresis?3

Answer 9

PGE2
angiotensin 2
ANP/BNP

Question 10

Bilateral UTO may appear as distal __, including the following symptoms: 5

Answer 10

RTA (renal tubular acidosis)
hyperkalemia
natriuresis
azotemia
hyperkalemia
metabolic acidosis

Question 11

UTO, if left untreated may give rise to: 2

Answer 11

HTN

erythrocytosis

Question 12

If UTO is suspected- insert __, use abdominal __ to look for __.

Answer 12

urine catheter
US
hydronephrosis

Question 13

Before treating UTO- identify if __ is presnt.

Answer 13

infection

Question 14

If UTO + infection, treat with: 2

Answer 14

drainage (catheter, nephrostomy, urostomy, suprapubic drainage)
Abx

Question 15

If UTO w/o infection, treat with:

Answer 15

fluid/electrolytes/acid base management

urological procedures

Question 16

Treating neurogenic bladder should be treated with __ drugs and frequent __.

Answer 16

cholinergic

urination