284 - Bronchiectasis Flashcards
Bronchiectasis is an ___ dilation of the airducts.
irreversible
Focal bronchiectasis is caused by an __- either __ or __.
obstruction
extrinsic
intrinsic
Intrinsic focal bronchiectasis is defined by __ of the airway by a __.
dilation
foreign body
Extrinsic focal bronchiectasis is defined by the __ of airway by __ or __.
lymphadenopathy
tumor
Diffuse bronchiectasis is usually due to __/__ process.
diffuse
systemic
Upper bronchiectasis is usually due to __, and sometimes __.
CF
post radiation
Lower bronchiectasis is usually due to repetitive aspirations (__/__), pulmonary __ disease, or repetitive infections due to immunodeficiency (__)
scleroderma
esophageal dysmotility
fibrotic
hypogammaglobulinemia
Central bronchiectasis is usually due acquired (__) or neonatal (__/__) reasons.
mycobacterium
dyskinetic/immotile cilia syndrome/ CF
Central airways bronchiectasis is usually due to acquired (__) or neonatal (__/__) reasons.
ABPA (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)
cartilage deficiency
Clinical presentation usually include __ cough with thick __.
productive
phlegm
The best diagnostic tool is __+__.
CT
clinical presentation
Treatment is given when there is an __ deterioration-usually due to pathogens such as- __, __.
acute
H. Influenza
Pseudomonas
Treatment should be given when at least one of the following criteria are made: 4
1- two positive phlegm cultures
2- positive BAL culture
3- positive biopsy with histopathological NTM
4-positive pleural fluid culture.
NTM-__
non tuberculosis mycobacteria
The treatment protocol for HIV patients with MAC infection include:
macrolide + rifampin and ethambutol
Prophylaxis is recommended for patients with >_ relapses per year.
3
Prophylactic treatment include:5
1- ciprofloxacin 1 week a month 2- rotations between different Abx 3- macrolide- 1 per day or 3 per week 4- tobramycin rotation (month with/without) 5- IV Abx for "clean outs "
