284 - Bronchiectasis

Question 1

Bronchiectasis is an ___ dilation of the airducts.

Answer 1

irreversible

Question 2

Focal bronchiectasis is caused by an __- either __ or __.

Answer 2

obstruction
extrinsic
intrinsic

Question 3

Intrinsic focal bronchiectasis is defined by __ of the airway by a __.

Answer 3

dilation

foreign body

Question 4

Extrinsic focal bronchiectasis is defined by the __ of airway by __ or __.

Answer 4

lymphadenopathy

tumor

Question 5

Diffuse bronchiectasis is usually due to __/__ process.

Answer 5

diffuse

systemic

Question 6

Upper bronchiectasis is usually due to __, and sometimes __.

Answer 6

CF

post radiation

Question 7

Lower bronchiectasis is usually due to repetitive aspirations (__/__), pulmonary __ disease, or repetitive infections due to immunodeficiency (__)

Answer 7

scleroderma
esophageal dysmotility
fibrotic
hypogammaglobulinemia

Question 8

Central bronchiectasis is usually due acquired (__) or neonatal (__/__) reasons.

Answer 8

mycobacterium

dyskinetic/immotile cilia syndrome/ CF

Question 9

Central airways bronchiectasis is usually due to acquired (__) or neonatal (__/__) reasons.

Answer 9

ABPA (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)

cartilage deficiency

Question 10

Clinical presentation usually include __ cough with thick __.

Answer 10

productive

phlegm

Question 11

The best diagnostic tool is __+__.

Answer 11

CT

clinical presentation

Question 12

Treatment is given when there is an __ deterioration-usually due to pathogens such as- __, __.

Answer 12

acute
H. Influenza
Pseudomonas

Question 13

Treatment should be given when at least one of the following criteria are made: 4

Answer 13

1- two positive phlegm cultures
2- positive BAL culture
3- positive biopsy with histopathological NTM
4-positive pleural fluid culture.

Question 14

NTM-__

Answer 14

non tuberculosis mycobacteria

Question 15

The treatment protocol for HIV patients with MAC infection include:

Answer 15

macrolide + rifampin and ethambutol

Question 16

Prophylaxis is recommended for patients with >_ relapses per year.

Answer 16

3

Question 17

Prophylactic treatment include:5

Answer 17

1- ciprofloxacin 1 week a month 
2- rotations between different Abx
3- macrolide- 1 per day or 3 per week
4- tobramycin rotation (month with/without)
5- IV Abx for "clean outs "