284 - Bronchiectasis Flashcards

1
Q

Bronchiectasis is an ___ dilation of the airducts.

A

irreversible

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2
Q

Focal bronchiectasis is caused by an __- either __ or __.

A

obstruction
extrinsic
intrinsic

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3
Q

Intrinsic focal bronchiectasis is defined by __ of the airway by a __.

A

dilation

foreign body

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4
Q

Extrinsic focal bronchiectasis is defined by the __ of airway by __ or __.

A

lymphadenopathy

tumor

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5
Q

Diffuse bronchiectasis is usually due to __/__ process.

A

diffuse

systemic

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6
Q

Upper bronchiectasis is usually due to __, and sometimes __.

A

CF

post radiation

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7
Q

Lower bronchiectasis is usually due to repetitive aspirations (__/__), pulmonary __ disease, or repetitive infections due to immunodeficiency (__)

A

scleroderma
esophageal dysmotility
fibrotic
hypogammaglobulinemia

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8
Q

Central bronchiectasis is usually due acquired (__) or neonatal (__/__) reasons.

A

mycobacterium

dyskinetic/immotile cilia syndrome/ CF

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9
Q

Central airways bronchiectasis is usually due to acquired (__) or neonatal (__/__) reasons.

A

ABPA (allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis)

cartilage deficiency

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10
Q

Clinical presentation usually include __ cough with thick __.

A

productive

phlegm

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11
Q

The best diagnostic tool is __+__.

A

CT

clinical presentation

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12
Q

Treatment is given when there is an __ deterioration-usually due to pathogens such as- __, __.

A

acute
H. Influenza
Pseudomonas

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13
Q

Treatment should be given when at least one of the following criteria are made: 4

A

1- two positive phlegm cultures
2- positive BAL culture
3- positive biopsy with histopathological NTM
4-positive pleural fluid culture.

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14
Q

NTM-__

A

non tuberculosis mycobacteria

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15
Q

The treatment protocol for HIV patients with MAC infection include:

A

macrolide + rifampin and ethambutol

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16
Q

Prophylaxis is recommended for patients with >_ relapses per year.

A

3

17
Q

Prophylactic treatment include:5

A
1- ciprofloxacin 1 week a month 
2- rotations between different Abx
3- macrolide- 1 per day or 3 per week
4- tobramycin rotation (month with/without)
5- IV Abx for "clean outs "