Vitamins Flashcards
Their absorption dependent on ileum and pancreas
Vit. A D E K
___ supplement can mask the hematologic symptoms of B12 deficiency but not the neurological symptoms
Vit B9 Folate
Malabsorption Pernicious anemia (no IF b/c IF-ABs) Gastric Bypass ileum resection (Chron's complication) Metformin Veganism (years)
can all cause deficiency of
Vitamin B12 Cobalamin
Damage to Medial Dorsal Thalamic Nuclei & Mammillary body
Wernicke Karsakoff
Phenytoin, Sulfonamides, and Methotrexate can cause a deficiency of
Vit B9 Folate
Important for DNA synthesis
Vitamin B12 Cobalamin
Intrinsic Factor secreted by parietal cells help absorb what
Vitamin B 12 in the terminal ileum
thiamine (TPP)
B1
*Wernicke Karsakoff Syndrome = deficiency in B1
B-complex deficiencies often result in dermatitis, _____, and diarrhea
glossitis
Component of Coenzyme A and Fatty Acid synthase
Vit B5 Pantothenic acid
Raw egg whites contain Avadin that can cause a deficiency of
Vit B7 Biotin
*long term ABx use can too
Deficiency causes: Dermatitis enteritis alopecia adrenal insufficiency
Vit B5 Pantothenic acid
niacin: NAD+
B3
*DHase
Retinol is Vitamin __
A
High Output Cardiac Failure
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Edema
alcoholic or malnourished
Wet Beri Beri
Vit B1 deficiency
Cofactor used in synthesis of: Niacin Heme Histamine Catecholamines Cystathionine (homocystinuria) GABA Glutathione
Vit B6 Pyridoxine
Deficiency causes: Glossitis (red beefy tongue) Diarrhea Dementia (Hallucinations) Dermatitis (necklace rash) Hyperpigmentation on sun exposed skin Mouth sores
Niacin Vit. B3
*can be caused by corn based diets
Maternal folic acid supplements for at least __ month prior to conception to prevent neural tube defects
1
Deficiency causes:
Cheilosis (inflammation of lips and scaling/ tears at the corner of mouth)
Corneal Vascularization
Vit B2 (riboflavin) used in redox reactions
All water soluble vitamins except __ and __ wash out of the body
B12 (liver for 3-4 years)
B9 (liver for 3-4 months)
Cofactor for:
Transketolase
Pyruvate DHase
alpha Ketoglutarate DHase
Branched Chain Ketoacid DHase
Vit B1 (Thiamine as TPP)
Bulky Foul Smelling poos
Malabsoprtion
Deficiency causes: Dry, Scaly skin Bitot spot (foamy eye dots on conjuctiva) Night Blindness Immunosupression Keratomalacia (corneal degeneration)
Vit A
Deficiency causes: Megaloblastic anemia Hypersegmented PMNs Parasthesias Subacute Combined Degeneration abnormal myelin
Vitamin B12 Cobalamin
- irreversible nerve damage if prolonged deficiency
- anemia can also be microcytic
biotin
B7
- Carboxylases; building FAs
- Hairloss
- caused by long-term ABx use or eating RAW EGG whites (Avidin binds Biotin)
Cofactor for CARBOXYLATION enzymes
Vit B7 Biotin
isoniazid & OCPs can cause a deficiency of
Vit B6 Pyridoxine
Cofactor used in transamination (ALT/AST) decarboxylation reactions
&
Glycogen phosphorylase
Vit B6 Pyridoxine
Toxicity causes: Facial Flushing Hyperuricemia Hyperglycemia Puritis N/V
Niacin Vit. B3
causes Podagra (gout)
ACUTE Toxicity causes: Nausea Vomitting Vertigo Blurry Vision
Vit A
pyridoxine: PLP
B6
Teratogen causes Cleft Palate and Heart defects
Vit A
Pellagra (Diarrhea, Dementia, Dermatitis) can be caused by (4)
Vit. B3 Niacin deficiency
Hartnup Disease (↓ Tryptophan to make niacin)
Carcinoid Syndrome
Isoniazid (↓ B6)
pantothenic acid: CoA
B5
Deficiency causes:
↑ serum Homocystine
NORMAL Methylmalonic Acid levels
Vit B9 Folate
cobalamine
B12
*stored in liver for ~ 3–4 years
Important cofactor needed for the synthesis of Nitrogenous bases
Vit B9 (folate as THF)
Shilling Test:
Oral Vit B12* given
IM Vit B12 given
Urine collects Vit B12*
> 5% Vit B12* in urine =
<5% Vit B12* in urine =
Oral Vit B12* & Oral Intrinsic Factor given
>5% Vit B12* in urine =
*(Radiolabled)
> 5%: Normal absorption/ function
<5%: Malabsorption (B12 retained)
5% + IF: Pernicious anemia (IF destroyed; B12 peed out)
asorbic acid
vit. C
Used to treat MEASLES
and AML
Vit A
Deficiency causes:
Megaloblastic anemia
Hypersegmented PMNs
Glossitis
Vit B9 Folate
- NO neuro symptoms like B12
- anemia can also be microcytic
Made from Tryptophan
Treats Dyslipidemia
Lowers VLDL
Raises HDL
Niacin Vit. B3
Deficiency causes:
ATP depletion
elevated RBC Transketolase
Vit B1 (Thiamine as TPP)
folate
B9
*stored in liver for ~ 3–4 months
riboflavin: FAD, FMN
B2
*Complex 2, Succinate DHase (No B3 required)
Deficiency causes:
↑ serum Homocystine
↑ Methylmalonic Acid levels
Vitamin B12 Cobalamin
*along with Vit B9 Folate deficiency
Cofactor for
Methionine Synthase
Methylmalonyl CoA mutase
Vitamin B12 Cobalamin
Polyneuropathy (foot/wrist drop)
muscle wasting
alcoholic or malnourished
Dry Beri Beri
Vit B1 deficiency
Deficiency causes: Convulsions/ seizures Hyper-irritability Cheilosis/Glossitis peripheral neuropathy sideroblastic anemia (impaired Hb synth/ iron excess)
Vit B6 Pyridoxine
Biotin is used by thee 3 enzymes
Pyruvate Carboxylase (to Oxaloacetate for gluconeogenesis) Acetyl CoA Carboxylase (to Malonyl CoA for FA synth) Propionyl CoA Carboxylase (to Methylmalanyl CoA for FA breakdown)
Patients who have undergone gastrectomy have reduced ___ levels, leading to weight loss.
ghrelin
perifollicular hemorrhages, myalgias, subperiosteal hematoma, and gingivitis has typical features of
scurvy.
Asorbic acid Vitamin C deficiency
deficiency is characterized by acrodermatitis enteropathica, growth retardation, and infertility.
Zinc
Unlike Thymine, Cytosine is not dependent on ___ for synthesis
Vit. B9 folate (THF)
Large doses of vitamin __ can give false negative stool guaiac results and are associated with diarrhea and abdominal bloating.
C
CHRONIC Vitamin __ overuse can result in intracranial hypertension (papilledema) , skin changes and hepatosplenomegaly.
A
