Antihypertensives Flashcards
Patients that suffer from heart failure or have had MIs in the past do better with with what 2 medications?
ACE–i
beta-blockers
What Diabetic anti-hypertensives ward off further renal damage (2)?
ACEi
ARBs
Hydralazine, labetalol, methyldopa, nifedipine can all be used for what kind of HTN?
HTN in pregnancy
“Hide La baby from Meth and Knifes”
ARBs, CCBs, thiazide diuretics, cardio-selective β-blockers can all be used for what type of HTN?
Asthma HTN
What 2 anti-hypertensive drugs should be avoided in asthmatics?
Avoid non-selective β-blockers to prevent β2-receptor–induced broncho-constriction.
Avoid ACE inhibitors to prevent confusion between drug or asthma related cough
What is 1 consideration when using Beta Blockers for treating HTN in Diabetics
.
β-blockers can mask hypoglycemia symptoms
ACEinhibitors/ARBs,
Ca2+ channel blockers,
thiazide diuretics,
β-blockers
can all be used to treat what kind of HTN
HTN w/ DM
β blockers must beused cautiously in pts with ______ and contraindicated in ________.
decompensated HF
cardiogenic shock
In HF, ARBs may be combined with what neprilysin inhibitor?
sacubitril
Diuretics, ACEinhibitors/ARBs, β-blockers, aldosterone antagonists can be used for what kind of HTN?
HTN w/ HF
β-blockers (in compensated HF only)
What is the MOA for:
Amlodipine, clevidipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nimodipine
Calcium channel blockers
(dihydropyridines, act on vascular smooth muscle)
What is the MOA for:
diltiazem, verapamil
Calcium channel blockers
(non-dihydro pyridines ,act on heart)
This class of antihypertensive blocks calcium channels in cardiac and smooth muscle to
decrease contractility.
ARBs
Dihydropyridines (except _____) treat: hypertension, angina (including vasospastic type), Raynaudphenomenon.
nimodipine
Adverse effects of
Non dihydropyridine: Gingival Hyperplasia, cardiac depression, AV-block, hyperprolactinemia ( mostly by ____), constipation
verapamil
Increases cGMP smooth muscle relaxation.
Vasodilates arterioles >veins;
afterload reduction.
Hydralizine
Frequently co-administered with a β-blocker to prevent reflex tachycardia.
Hydralazine
Compensatory tachycardia (contraindicated in angina/CAD), fluid retention, headache, angina, drug-induced lupus
Hydralazine
Treat with labetalol, clevidipine, fenoldopam, nicardipine, nitroprusside
Hypertensive emergency
Dopamine D1 receptor agonist → vasodilator.
Lower BP, Increase natriuresis (pee Na)
Can cause hypotension and tachycardia.
Fenoldopam
Type of Drug class
Nitroglycerin,
isosorbidedinitrate,
isosorbidemononitrate
Nitrates
((use with caution; they lower R side venous return to heart; some patients are pre-load dependent))
Dilate veins >> arteries.
↓ preload (R heart venous return)
Nitrates