L to R Shunt Pathology

Question 1

Are left to right shunts cyanotic or acyanotic at presentation?

Answer 1

Acyanotic

Question 2

Which defect is caused by the ostium secundum tissue missing?

Answer 2

ASD

Question 3

Which defect is associated with Down Syndrome?

Answer 3

ASD

Question 4

Which defect is associated with paradoxical emboli?

Answer 4

ASD

Question 5

Which defect is associated with left ventricular overload and heart failure?

Answer 5

VSD

Question 6

Which defect is a right-to-left shunt in the fetal period And becomes a left-to-right shunt in the neonatal period?

Answer 6

PDA

Question 7

Which defect can progress to right ventricular hypertrophy and/or left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure?

Answer 7

PDA

Question 8

How is a PDA maintained after birth?

Answer 8

PGE-E

Question 9

PDA can eventually result in late cyanosis in the ________.

Answer 9

lower extremities

Question 10

What syndrome causes pathologic remodeling of the vasculature, pulmonary hypertension,RHV, clubbing of the nails, and reversal of the shunt (Right → Left)?

Answer 10

Eisenmenger syndrome (polycythemia also occurs)

Question 11

List 4 Left to right shunts

Answer 11

VSD
ASD
PDA
Eisenmenger (starts L → R, but can become R → L)