SNS/PSNS effects Flashcards
Beta 1 blocker effect on Kidneys
↓ Renin
Beta 1 blocker effect on heart (3)
↓ HR
↓ Contractility
↓ Oxygen consumption
Beta 2 blocker effect on muscle vasculature
Vasospasm
Beta 2 blocker effect on
Lungs
Bronchoconstriction
Beta 2 blocker effect on liver
↓ Glycogenolysis
↓ Gluconeogenesis
*may cause hypoglycemia in diabetics
Effect of M1 stimulation on the brain
↑ Memory formation
↑ Cognitive functioning
Effect of M2 stimulation on the heart
↓ HR
↓ atrial contraction
Effect of M3 stimulation on peripheral vasculature
Smooth muscle relaxes
Vasodilation
Hypotention
Effect of M3 stimulation on lungs
Bronchoconstriction
Effect of M3 stimulation on bladder
Detrusor contraction
Effect of M3 stimulation on Eyes
Miosis (Pupillary sphincter muscle contraction)
Accommodation (Ciliary muscle contraction)
Effect of M3 stimulation on GI tract
↑ Peristalsis
↑ Salivary secretion
↑ Gastric secretion
Effect of M3 stimulation on skin
↑ sweat production
Effect of M3 inhibition on GI tract
Constipation
Dry mouth
↓ Gastric acid secretion
Effect of M3 inhibition on
Eyes
Mydriasis
Cycloplegia
+/– Acute angle Glaucoma
Effect of M3 inhibition on
Bladder
Detrusor Relaxation
Urinary retention
(full as a flask)
Effect of M3 inhibition on lungs
Bronchodilation
Anticholinergic clinical use
Scopolamine
Motion sickness
Sedation
Anticholinergic clinical use
Benztropine
Drug induced Parkinson’s
Sedation
Anticholinergic clinical use
Atropine
Heart Block
Sinus Bradycardia
(tachycardia)
Anticholinergic effects of
Atropine, Scopolamine
on secretions
↓ lacrimation, sweating, salivation, bronchial, GI secretions
Anticholinergic clinical use
Oxybutynin
Neurogenic spastic bladder
relaxes detrusor
Anticholinergic clinical use
ipratropium
COPD/ asthma
bronchodilation
Parasympathetic Nervous System has
___ Pre-synaptic Neurons
&
___ Post- synaptic Neurons
Long
Short
Sympathetic Nervous System has
___ Pre-synaptic Neurons
&
___ Post- synaptic Neurons
Short (SNS)
Long
Somatic Nervous system controls
voluntary movement
Autonomic Nervous system controls
involuntary actions
All Pre-synaptic neurons release Ach and bind ___ receptors
Nicotinic
Skeletal muscle contains what type of receptor
Nicotinic (ion channels)
Sweat glands are innervated by what Nervous system?
Sympathetic
The adrenal glands are innervated by what Nervous system?
Sympathetic
Sweat Glands contain what type of receptor?
Muscarinic
M3 receptors use what type of receptor
Gq coupled GPCR
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors __ insulin secretion
↑
Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors __ insulin secretion
↓
M3 & Glucagon __ Insulin secretion
↑
List the effects of Anticholinergic toxicity (aka Muscarinic or Ach antagonist)
↑ Body temp (Hot as a Hare) ↓ secretions (Dry as a bone) Flushed skin (Red as a beet) Mydriasis/Cycloplegia (Blind as a bat) Altered mental status (Mad as a hatter) Constipation/Urinary retention (full as a flask) Tachycardia (Fast as a fiddle)
Why does anticholinergic toxicity cause Tachycardia?
↓ Vagal tone at the SA node
Alpha 1 stimulation primary effects (3)
Peripheral Vasoconstriction
Internal Urethral Constriction
Pupillary Dilation
Alpha 2 stimulation primary effects (2)
↓ Insulin release
↓ Intestinal motility
Beta 1 stimulation primary effects (3)
↑ Cardiac Contractility
↑ HR
↑ Renin
Beta 2 stimulation primary effects (2)
Peripheral Vasodilation
Bronchodilation
*Uterus relaxation (tocolysis)
Muscarinic 2 stimulation primary effects (2)
↓ Cardiac Contractility
↓ HR
Muscarinic 3 stimulation primary effects (6)
Bronchoconstriction ↑ Insulin release ↑ Intestinal motility Detrusor Contraction Pupillary constriction Peripheral Vasodilation (via NO)
Alpha 1 stimulation causes what change in second messenger?
↑IP3
Alpha 2 stimulation causes what change in second messenger?
↓cAMP
Beta 1 stimulation causes what change in second messenger?
↑cAMP
Beta 2 stimulation causes what change in second messenger?
↑cAMP
M2 stimulation causes what change in second messenger?
↓cAMP
M3 stimulation causes what change in second messenger?
↑IP3
MOA:
Midodrine
Phenylephrine
alpha 1 agonist
MOA: Clonidine
alpha 2 agonist
MOA:
Doxazosin
Terazosin
Prazosin
alpha 1 antagonist
alpha 1 & 2 antagonist
Phenoxybenzamine
Beta agonist
Isoproterenol
Beta 1 antagonist
Metoprolol
Atenolol
Low dose Epinephrine favors what receptors
B1> B2>A1
High dose Epinephrine favors what receptors
A1> B1> B2
phenylephrine
alpha 1 agonist
List the Cholinergic toxicity muscarinic and nicotinic effects.
Diarrhea/ Diaphoresis Urination Miosis Bronchospasm/ Bradycardia Emesis Lacrimation Salivation Nicotinic effects: Muscle weakness paralysis fasciculations