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STEP 1 > Arrhythmia/ Blocks/ Murmurs > Flashcards

Arrhythmia/ Blocks/ Murmurs Flashcards

1
Q

Aortic stenosis, mitral/tricuspid regurgitation, mitral valve prolapse, ventricular septal defect are diastolic or systolic murmurs?

A

Systolic

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2
Q

Aortic regurgitation, mitral stenosis are diastolic or systolic murmurs?

A

Diastolic

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3
Q

What defect is often caused by congenital rubella or prematurity?

A

Patent ductus arteriosus

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4
Q

patent ductus arteriosus is what kind of murmur?

A

Continuous

Machine like

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5
Q

which valvular disease has a murmur that has a holosystolic high pitched blowing murmur?

A

Mitral or Tricuspid regurgitation

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6
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that has a crescendo decrescendo systolic ejection murmur with a possible ejection click?

A

Aortic stenosis

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7
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that can be caused by myxomatous degeneration such as primary or secondary to tissue diseases like Marfan syndrome or ehlers-danlos syndrome?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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8
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that is loudest at the heart base and radiates to the Carotid?

A

Aortic stenosis

*Carotic Stenosis

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9
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that is loudest at the Apex and radiates towards the axilla?

A

Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation

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10
Q

Which valvular disease has a murmur that is loudest at the tricuspid area?

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

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11
Q

This murmur/valvular disease is caused by Bicuspid aortic valve, Endocarditis, Aortic root dilation, or Rheumatic fever?

A

Aortic regurgitation (Decrescendo)

BEAR

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12
Q

What murmur is best heard at the Base of the heart
cause by → aortic root dilation

or

best heard at the left sternal border caused by→ Valvular disease?

A

High pitched “blowing” early diastolic decrescendo murmur

from Aortic Regurgitation

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13
Q

Which valvular disease presents with syncope, angina, and dyspnea on exertion?

A

aortic stenosis

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14
Q

which valvular disease is due to right ventricular dilatation?

A

tricuspid regurgitation

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15
Q

Rheumatic fever and infective endocarditis can cause what two valvular diseases?

A

Mitral or tricuspid regurgitation

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16
Q

What valvular disease is commonly due to calcifications in the heart valve?

A

Aortic stenosis

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17
Q

Which valvular disease is often due to left ventricular dilatation or ischemic heart disease after an myocardial infarction?

A

Mitral regurgitation

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18
Q

Which murmur/ valvular disease can be caused by chordae rupture?

A

mitral valve prolapse

Mid-systolic Click Crescendo

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19
Q

What valvular disease causes a delayed rumbling
mid-to-late
diastolic murmur?

A

Mitral stenosis

*a highly specific sequelae of rheumatic fever

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20
Q

what causes a late systolic Crescendo murmur with a mid systolic click due to tensing chordae tendineae?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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21
Q

Which murmur is heard loudest just before S2?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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22
Q

Which murmur is usually benign?

A

Mitral valve prolapse

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23
Q

Which valvular disease can predispose to infective endocarditis?
and best heard over the APEX

A

Mitral valve prolapse

24
Q

What can cause a continuous machine like murmur and is best heard at the left infra clavicular area?

A

PDA

25
Q

Which murmur has left atrial pressure greater than left ventricular pressure during diastole?

A

Mitral stenosis

26
Q

The P wave equals?
The QRS wave equals?
The T wave equals?

A

Atrial Depolarization
Ventricular Depolarization
Ventricular Repolarization

27
Q

____ node has a slow upstroke phase

____ artery supplies the AV node.

A

SA node

RCA

28
Q

Rank Atria, Ventricles, AV node, and His-Purkinje in order of conduction speed.

A

His- Purkinje > Atria > Ventricles > AV node

He parks At Ventura Avenue

29
Q

Where is the U wave located and what does it mean (2)?

A

The U wave is located after the T wave and may indicate hypokalemia or bradycardia.

30
Q

irregular or absent p waves indicate what rhythm

A

atrial fibrillation

31
Q

a Sawtooth pattern on ECG indicates what?

A

atrial flutter

Butterfly Sawtooth

32
Q

what presents with a shortened PR interval?

A

Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

33
Q

a completely erratic rhythm with no waves and is fatal indicates what?

A

ventricular fibrillation

34
Q

What Rhythms can be treated with catheter ablation?

A

atrial flutter

WPW syndrome

35
Q

What Rhythm presents with irregularly irregular heartbeats

A

atrial fibrillation

36
Q

In what illness does a signal travel through the bundle of Kent and bypasses the AV node?

A

Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

Kent the wolf is hoping to move up from delta to gamma this year in the pack, but his wide QuadS are nothing SHORT of a PR nightmare.

37
Q

What rhythm has rapid identical back-to-back atrial depolarization waves?

A

Atrial flutter

38
Q

What rhythm can lead to thromboembolic events like stroke?

A

atrial fibrillation

39
Q

What rhythm is occasionally seen after binge drinking?

A

atrial fibrillation

40
Q

What presents with widened QRS complex and delta waves (slurred upstroke from P wave to QRS complex)?

A

Wolff Parkinson White syndrome

41
Q

What increases your risk for torsades de Pointes?

A

Long QT intervals

42
Q

How is torsades de Pointes treated?

A

Mg

43
Q

What 5 drugs lengthen the QT interval?

A

anti-Arrhythmic, antiBiotics, antipsyChotics, antiDepressants, antiEmetics.
(ABCDE)

44
Q

A decrease in what three ions can cause torsades de Pointes?

A

Calcium, Magnesium, Potassium

CaMP

45
Q

What AV block presents with lengthening of the PR interval until a QRS complex is dropped?

A

Second degree AV block mobitz type 1

46
Q

What AV block has a prolonged PR interval that is benign asymptomatic and no treatment is required?

A

First degree AV block

47
Q

Which AV block May progress to 3rd degree block?

A

second degree AV block mobitz type 2

48
Q

Which AV block has disconnected p waves and QRS complexes?

A

third degree AV block AKA complete AV block

49
Q

which AV block drops a QRS complex but is not preceded by change in the length of the PR interval?

A

second degree AV block mobitz type 2

50
Q

Which AV block can be treated with a pacemaker?

A

Second degree AV block mobitz type 2

51
Q

What syndrome is autosomal dominant and common in Asian males?

A

Brugada syndrome

ST elevations/ sudden death in sleep/ ventricular irregular beats

52
Q

What’s syndrome is autosomal dominant, has a congenital Long QT interval, and is due to a K+ channel loss of function mutation?

A

Romano Ward syndrome

53
Q

What syndrome has an ECG pattern of pseudo right bundle branch block and ST-elevations in leads V1–V3 Which increases the risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias and sudden cardiac death?

A

Brugada syndrome

54
Q

What syndrome is autosomal recessive, has a congenital Long QT interval, sensorineural deafness, and an ion channel loss-of-function mutation (Most commonly K+ channel)?

A

Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome

55
Q

What congenital defect increases the risk of sudden cardiac death due to torsades de Pointes?

A

Congenital Long QT syndrome

  1. Romano Ward
  2. Jervell and Lange Nielsen syndrome
56
Q

How is A-Fib treated (2)

A 
Beta Blocker (for palpitations, dizziness)
Xa inhibitor (for thrombus risk)

STEP 1 (88 decks)

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