Cardiac Physiology Flashcards
What is released from atrial myocytes in response to increased blood volume and atrial pressure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
what is released from ventricular myocytes in response to increased tension?
B-type (brain) natriuretic peptide
What via cGMP, causes vasodilation, and decreases sodium reabsorption at the renal collecting tube?
atrial natriuretic peptide
What blood test is used to diagnose heart failure?
b-type natriuretic peptide
What dilates afferent renal arteries and constrict efferent arteries?
atrial natriuretic peptide
a recombinant form of B natriuretic peptide used for the treatment of HF
nesiritide
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is a good approximation of what?
left atrial pressure
How is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measured?
Swan– Ganz catheter AKA pulmonary artery catheter
what valvular disorder causes LA pressure to be greater than LV end diastolic pressure
mitral stenosis
In which organ does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction rather than the usual vasodilation?
The Lungs
Sympathetic vasoconstriction is the most important temperature control mechanism in…
skin
local Vasodilatory metabolites like adenosine, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, low oxygen determine B blood flow regulation of what organ?
The heart
At rest what determines blood flow autoregulation in skeletal muscles?
Sympathetic tone in arteries
During exercise what controls blood flow regulation in skeletal muscles?
Local Metabolites like carbon dioxide, hydrogen, adenosine, Lactaid, potassium which vasodilate.
What triad does the Cushing reflex present with?
HTN, Bradycardia, ↓ Respiratory rate
What causes Cushing reflex?
↑ Intracranial pressure causing vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels which triggers the sympathetic nerves to cause an ↑ in blood pressure, felt as an ↑ in stretch to baroreceptors which then induces bradycardia
what do the 2 chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic body sense (3) and do in response?
Both sense changes in blood levels of CO2, pH, and O2 to adjust breathing rate.
These chemoreceptors are more sensitive to changes in CO2 than O2 (except COPD patients).
Can hydrogen cross the blood-brain barrier?
Nah
Edema can be caused by:
increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
in
HF
Edema can be caused by:
increased capillary permeability in
Infections
Toxins
Burns
Edema can be caused by:
Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure in
Lymphatic blockage
Edema can be caused by:
Decreased blood plasma colloid oncotic pressure in (2)
Nephrotic syndrome, liver failure
