Cardiac Physiology

Question 1

What is released from atrial myocytes in response to increased blood volume and atrial pressure?

Answer 1

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 2

what is released from ventricular myocytes in response to increased tension?

Answer 2

B-type (brain) natriuretic peptide

Question 3

What via cGMP, causes vasodilation, and decreases sodium reabsorption at the renal collecting tube?

Answer 3

atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 4

What blood test is used to diagnose heart failure?

Answer 4

b-type natriuretic peptide

Question 5

What dilates afferent renal arteries and constrict efferent arteries?

Answer 5

atrial natriuretic peptide

Question 6

a recombinant form of B natriuretic peptide used for the treatment of HF

Answer 6

nesiritide

Question 7

Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is a good approximation of what?

Answer 7

left atrial pressure

Question 8

How is pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measured?

Answer 8

Swan– Ganz catheter AKA pulmonary artery catheter

Question 9

what valvular disorder causes LA pressure to be greater than LV end diastolic pressure

Answer 9

mitral stenosis

Question 10

In which organ does hypoxia cause vasoconstriction rather than the usual vasodilation?

Answer 10

The Lungs

Question 11

Sympathetic vasoconstriction is the most important temperature control mechanism in…

Answer 11

skin

Question 12

local Vasodilatory metabolites like adenosine, nitric oxide, carbon dioxide, low oxygen determine B blood flow regulation of what organ?

Answer 12

The heart

Question 13

At rest what determines blood flow autoregulation in skeletal muscles?

Answer 13

Sympathetic tone in arteries

Question 14

During exercise what controls blood flow regulation in skeletal muscles?

Answer 14

Local Metabolites like carbon dioxide, hydrogen, adenosine, Lactaid, potassium which vasodilate.

Question 15

What triad does the Cushing reflex present with?

Answer 15

HTN, Bradycardia, ↓ Respiratory rate

Question 16

What causes Cushing reflex?

Answer 16

↑ Intracranial pressure causing vasoconstriction of cerebral blood vessels which triggers the sympathetic nerves to cause an ↑ in blood pressure, felt as an ↑ in stretch to baroreceptors which then induces bradycardia

Question 17

what do the 2 chemoreceptors found in the carotid and aortic body sense (3) and do in response?

Answer 17

Both sense changes in blood levels of CO2, pH, and O2 to adjust breathing rate.

These chemoreceptors are more sensitive to changes in CO2 than O2 (except COPD patients).

Question 18

Can hydrogen cross the blood-brain barrier?

Answer 18

Nah

Question 19

Edema can be caused by:
increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
in

Answer 19

HF

Question 20

Edema can be caused by:

increased capillary permeability in

Answer 20

Infections
Toxins
Burns

Question 21

Edema can be caused by:

Increased interstitial fluid colloid osmotic pressure in

Answer 21

Lymphatic blockage

Question 22

Edema can be caused by:

Decreased blood plasma colloid oncotic pressure in (2)

Answer 22

Nephrotic syndrome, liver failure