STIs Flashcards
HIV-positive patients with CD4+ cell counts <100/mm3 are at significantly increased risk of developing ______ infection, which most frequently causes retinitis in AIDS patients.
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are strongly associated with ____ and _____
anal & cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
HIV infection increases the prevalence of ____ infection and the risk of anal carcinoma; this risk is further augmented in men who have sex with men.
HPV
Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue that does not have the normal ______ found on thymidine.
This disrupts the Phosphodiesterase bond formation needed to elongate the DNA resulting in chain termination.
3′-hydroxyl group
_______ infection in children causes gingivostomatitis (vesicular lesions on the lips and hard palate).
Primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
CCR5 Chemokine receptor antagonists like ___ blocks HIV entry in to the cell
maraviroc
HIV ___ gene mutations are responsible for acquired resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors.
Mutations of the ___ gene enable escape from host-neutralizing antibodies.
pol
*mutations may arise from non-compliance to meds
env
The HIV ___ gene encodes for a protein that downregulates major histocompatibility complex class I proteins, reducing the ability of cytotoxic T cells to recognize cells infected with HIV.
nef
Initial HIV infection is often associated with mononucleosis-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after transmission. Important diagnostic clues are ___ and a ____ .
oropharyngeal ulcers and a diffuse maculopapular rash.
In early HIV infection the humoral antibody response is not fully activated yet, laboratory results typically show (2) _____________ and negative HIV antibodies.
positive viral load
+ p24 antigen
X4 strains (T lymphotropic) of HIV bind to the CD4 receptor and CXCR4 chemokine receptor; X4 virus cannot be treated with
CCR5 inhibitors
Oral thrush, interstitial pneumonia, and severe lymphopenia during the first year of life are consistent with mother-to-child vertical transmission of ____
HIV-1
triad of arthritis, dermatitis, and tenosynovitis in a sexually active woman
disseminated gonorrheal infection
Genital vesicular rash with a positive Tzanck smear in a is suggestive of primary genital herpes simplex virus HSV-2 infection. Recurrences of genital herpes can be reduced through
daily treatment with oral
valacyclovir, acyclovir, or famciclovir
Genital vesicular rash with a positive Tzanck smear in a is suggestive of primary genital ___ infection.
HSV-2
