STIs Flashcards
HIV-positive patients with CD4+ cell counts <100/mm3 are at significantly increased risk of developing ______ infection, which most frequently causes retinitis in AIDS patients.
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are strongly associated with ____ and _____
anal & cervical squamous cell carcinoma.
HIV infection increases the prevalence of ____ infection and the risk of anal carcinoma; this risk is further augmented in men who have sex with men.
HPV
Zidovudine is a thymidine analogue that does not have the normal ______ found on thymidine.
This disrupts the Phosphodiesterase bond formation needed to elongate the DNA resulting in chain termination.
3′-hydroxyl group
_______ infection in children causes gingivostomatitis (vesicular lesions on the lips and hard palate).
Primary herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)
CCR5 Chemokine receptor antagonists like ___ blocks HIV entry in to the cell
maraviroc
HIV ___ gene mutations are responsible for acquired resistance to reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors, and integrase strand transfer inhibitors.
Mutations of the ___ gene enable escape from host-neutralizing antibodies.
pol
*mutations may arise from non-compliance to meds
env
The HIV ___ gene encodes for a protein that downregulates major histocompatibility complex class I proteins, reducing the ability of cytotoxic T cells to recognize cells infected with HIV.
nef
Initial HIV infection is often associated with mononucleosis-like symptoms 2-4 weeks after transmission. Important diagnostic clues are ___ and a ____ .
oropharyngeal ulcers and a diffuse maculopapular rash.
In early HIV infection the humoral antibody response is not fully activated yet, laboratory results typically show (2) _____________ and negative HIV antibodies.
positive viral load
+ p24 antigen
X4 strains (T lymphotropic) of HIV bind to the CD4 receptor and CXCR4 chemokine receptor; X4 virus cannot be treated with
CCR5 inhibitors
Oral thrush, interstitial pneumonia, and severe lymphopenia during the first year of life are consistent with mother-to-child vertical transmission of ____
HIV-1
triad of arthritis, dermatitis, and tenosynovitis in a sexually active woman
disseminated gonorrheal infection
Genital vesicular rash with a positive Tzanck smear in a is suggestive of primary genital herpes simplex virus HSV-2 infection. Recurrences of genital herpes can be reduced through
daily treatment with oral
valacyclovir, acyclovir, or famciclovir
Genital vesicular rash with a positive Tzanck smear in a is suggestive of primary genital ___ infection.
HSV-2
HBV binds to and enters hepatocytes using a host cell _________ and then sheds its coat in the host cytoplasm.
bile salt transporter
Although HBV can insert its genome into host chromosomes (which contributes to hepatocarcinogenesis), this step is not required for
viral replication
