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STEP 1 > Leukemias > Flashcards

Leukemias Flashcards

1
Q

Low RBCs –> Anemia
Low WBCs –> Infection
Low Platelets –> Hemorrhage

A

Leukemia

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2
Q

Associated with Down Syndrome

Peripheral blood and bone marrow have increased lymphoblasts

A

ALL
(T-cell)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

AML both are associated with Down, but
only ALL has lymphoblast in BM, not just peripheral

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3
Q

TdT+ (Pre- T/B cell marker)

CD10+ (Pre-B cell marker)

A

ALL

(T-cell)

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

CD10+ = positive prognosis

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4
Q

Children
Responsive to therapy
Mediastinal mass (+/-) SVC syndrome

A

ALL

(T-cell)

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

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5
Q

May go to CNS or testes

A

ALL

(T-cell)

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

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6
Q

Smudge cells

Increased BCL2 expression

A

CLL –> CieLL
(B-cell)
Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia/
small lymphocytic lymphoma

BabyCieL (BCL) is my little smudge

(CLL the Cooky eLderLy)

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7
Q

auto-imm. Hemolytic Anemia
Painless Lymphadenopathy
Splenomegaly
OLD person (>60)

A

CLL
(B-cell)
Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia/
small lymphocytic lymphoma

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8
Q

Splenomegaly
Dry Tap
Lymphadenopathy (+/-) !!!!!!

A

Hairy cell leukemia

B-cell

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9
Q

Male

BRAF mutation

A

Hairy cell leukemia

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10
Q

Auer Rods
Myeloperoxidase + cytoplasmic inclusions
Old men

A

AML
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

&

APL
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
(MPO+ cytoplasmic inclusions more common in APL)

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11
Q 
Risk factors include:
Down Syndrome
alkylating chemotherapy
radiation
myeloproliferative disorders
A

AML
Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

t(15,17 ) is an AML Subset
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL)

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12
Q

t(9,22)

Philadelphia chromosome

A

CML
(myeloid stem cell proliferation)
Chronic myelogenous Leukemia

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13
Q

Responds to BCR-ABL tyrosine Kinase inhibitor

Imatinib

A

CML
(myeloid stem cell proliferation)
Chronic myelogenous Leukemia

(C My Littile tinib)

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14
Q

Dysregulated production of Myeloblast (neutrophils, myelocytes, basophils)
SPLENOMEGALY

May transfrom to ___

A

CML
(myeloid stem cell proliferation)
Chronic myelogenous Leukemia

AML/ALL

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15
Q

Decreased Leukocyte Alkaline Phosphatase (LAP)

Malignant Neutrophils

A

CML
(myeloid stem cell proliferation)
Chronic myelogenous Leukemia

(C My Little Lap cat)

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16
Q

Increased circulating giant myeloblasts on peripheral smear

A

AML

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

17
Q

Responds to retinoic acid (Vit. A) or ARSENIC !!!

A

AML

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

18
Q

Often presents with DIC

A

AML

Acute Myelogenous Leukemia

19
Q

CD5, 20, 23 +

Increased kappa light chains

A

CLL
(B-cell)
Chronic Lymphoblastic Leukemia/
small lymphocytic lymphoma

Lots Light Chains = LLC (CLL backwards)

20
Q

TRAP +

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

“It’s a TRAP Harry!”

21
Q

What is the function of BCL2

A

To stabilize mitochondrial membrane thus inhibiting cytochrome C from inducing apoptosis of tumor cell

22
Q

On what chromosome is BCL2 supposed to be

A

Starts on 18
but
moves/translocates to another chromosome with a constitutively on locus like Chrm 14 Ig Heavy chain locus

23
Q

t(12,21)

A

ALL

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma

24
Q

Richter Transformation

A

CLL (SLL) transfroms to DLBCL

Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma

25
Q

Most common adult Leukemia

A

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

26
Q

The abnormal PML/RARα fusion protein blocks differentiation of myeloid precursors in what diseases

A

APL
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia

from t(15;17)

27
Q

What induces differentiation of promyelocytes

A

all-trans retinoic acid (vitaminA)
and
arsenic

28
Q

t(9,22) leads to what abnormality

not the disease

A

BCR-ABL hybrid

B-cell receptor (BCR) fuzes with Tyrosine Kinase Protein (ABL) causing TK signaling to be always on.

The Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is an abbreviated chromosome 22 that was shortchanged in a reciprocal exchange of material with chromosome 9.

29
Q

______ leukemias develop from cells that give rise to white blood cells called granulocytes and monocytes

30
Q

2nd common adult Leukemia

A

acute myeloid leukemia (AML)

31
Q

t(15,17)

32
Q

Stains TRAP +

A

Hairy Cell Lekuemia

It’s a TRAP, Harry!

33
Q

Associated with BRAF mutation

A

Hairy Cell Leukemia

STEP 1 (88 decks)

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