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STEP 1 > Female Path part 2 > Flashcards

Female Path part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Suppresses GnRH, FSH/LH & lowers Gonadotropin levels to inhibit ovulation

A

Progestin implant/ injection

Combined OCP

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2
Q

prevent pregnancy by thickening cervical mucus, which prevents sperm from accessing the uterus.
Still get period

A

The progestin-only pill (due to low dosage/potency) and levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD)

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3
Q

releases copper ions that elicit an inflammatory reaction in the uterus that is toxic to sperm and prevents fertilization.

A

copper IUD

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4
Q

Sensory Perenial region

External urethral and anal sphincters

A

Pudendal n

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5
Q

S2-S4

A

Pudendal n

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6
Q

Sensory suprapubic

A

iliohypogastric n

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7
Q

Sensory of scrotum/ Labia Majora and upper medial thigh

A

Genitofemoral n

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8
Q

Important landmarks for a ___ nerve block include the ischial spines and sacrospinous ligament.

A

pudendal

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9
Q

Injury from abdominal retractors during laparotomy can lead to labial/scrotal anesthesia.

A

Genitofemoral nerve

courses along the anterior surface of the psoas muscle.

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10
Q

Injury during closure of suprapubic skin incisions (cesarean section) can result in burning pain and paresthesias.

A

iliohypogastric nerve

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11
Q

Injury during hip surgery can impair hip extension.

A

inferior gluteal nerve (gluteus maximus)

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12
Q

The uterine arteries, the major blood supply to the uterus, are branches of the ____ arteries.

A

internal iliac

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13
Q

Bilateral ligation of the internal iliac arteries should stop ___ blood flow and post-partum hemorrhage

A

uterine

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14
Q

A midline episiotomy is a vertical incision from the posterior vaginal opening to the perineal body. It transects the

A

Perineal body

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15
Q

Ovulation is then induced by administration of human chorionic gonadotropin, which mimics the ___ surge.

A

LH

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16
Q

Menotropin (human menopausal gonadotrophin) therapy mimics ___ and triggers the formation of a dominant ovarian follicle.

A

FSH

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17
Q

Following ovulation, the granulosa and theca cells of the ovarian follicle luteinize to form the ____; this secretes relatively high levels of progesterone

A

corpus luteum

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18
Q

stimulates the endometrium to transform from proliferative to secretory to become a hospitable environment for implantation.

A

Progesterone

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19
Q

Primary lymph node drainage of Uterus

A

External iliac

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20
Q

Primary lymph node drainage of the Vagina

A

Proximal: internal iliac
Distal: inguinofemoral

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21
Q

Primary lymph node drainage of Cervix

A

Internal iliac

22
Q

Primary lymph node drainage of Vulva

A

Inguinofemoral

23
Q

Primary lymph node drainage of

A

Paraaortic

24
Q

The discharge is grayish-white and fishy smelling.

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

25
Q

amide odor with KOH wet mount

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

26
Q

squamous epithelial cells with adherent bacteria

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

clue cells

27
Q

Treatment is with metronidazole or clindamycin

A

Gardnerella Vaginalis

Bacterial Vaginosis

28
Q

A wet mount shows leukocytes and pear-shaped organisms (flagellated trophozoites).

A

Trichomoniasis Vaginalis

29
Q

Presents with vulvovaginal erythema and frothy, yellow-green vaginal discharge; patients with cervicitis classically have a cervix with punctate hemorrhage (ie, strawberry cervix).

A

Trichomoniasis Vaginalis

30
Q

A third-generation cephalosporin will treat the gonococcal infection, and further treatment with _____ is required to treat the chlamydia

A

azithromycin or doxycycline

31
Q

HPV is a _____, NON-enveloped DNA virus that has a predilection for squamous epithelium of the skin and vagina/cervix.

A

double-stranded

32
Q

A koilocyte is an immature squamous cell with dense, irregularly (dusky) staining cytoplasm and perinuclear clearing, resulting in a halo.

A

HPV

33
Q

pseudohyphae of budding yeast on a Pap smear.

A

Candida Albicans (normal flora)

34
Q

Common triggers for Candida vaginitis include the following:

Antibiotic use
High estrogen levels (eg, pregnancy)
Systemic corticosteroid therapy
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Any other cause of immunosuppression, including HIV
A

Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

35
Q

Antibiotic use is the most common cause of Candida vaginitis due to reduction of the ____ population, which facilitates Candida overgrowth.

A

gram + lactobacilli

36
Q

Elevated pH of vaginal secretions (>4.5) is associated with (2)

A

Bacterial vaginosis

Trichomonas vaginitis

37
Q

Diagnosis is made via wet mount microscopy, which typically reveals pseudohyphae with budding yeastand true hyphae.

A

Candida Albicans

38
Q

Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis is with

A

Fluconazole

39
Q

Anatomic or functional ____ is almost always necessary for the development of acute pyelonephritis.

A

vesicoureteral reflux

40
Q

E-Coli (UPEC) cause Cystitis (dysuria) via

A

Ascending infection

P-pili

41
Q

_____ are pathognomonic for acute pyelonephritis when accompanied by symptoms of acute UTI.

A

white blood cell casts

42
Q

Sterile pyuria (WBCs, but no bacteria) can be seen with nongonococcal urethritis caused by ____.

A

Chlamydia

Ureaplasma

43
Q

Use wet mount SALINE microscopy to diagnose

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

motile protozoa

44
Q

It can cause disulfiram-like effects (eg, abdominal cramps, nausea, headache) when combined with alcohol due to acetaldehyde accumulation.

A

Metronidazole

45
Q

How to treat Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole

must treat partner as well

46
Q

is caused by weakened pelvic floor muscle support that often occurs due to chronically increased intraabdominal pressure (eg, obesity, chronic cough, prior pregnancies).

A

Stress urinary incontinence (intermittent, involuntary leakage of urine)

47
Q

Red-inflamed friable cervix with purulent discharge
Asymptomatic, or presents with post-coital bleeding.
detected by pelvic examination and nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT).

A

Gonoccal Cervicitis

chalmydia can cause it too

48
Q

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is most commonly caused by an overgrowth of the facultative________ Gardnerella vaginalis and loss of normal lactobacilli flora.

A

anaerobic,gram-variable rod

49
Q

Rotation of the ovary around the ___ ligament results in ovarian torsion.
Presents with sudden-onset unilateral pelvic pain and nausea and sometimes vomiting and fever

A

infundibulopelvic (IP) ligament

suspensory ligament of the ovary

50
Q

The ____ ligaments connect the posterior aspect of the uterus to the anterior portion of the sacrum.

These ligaments hold the uterus in an anteverted or retroverted position; loss of this support contributes to uterine PROLAPSE into the vagina.

A

uterosacral

51
Q

Teenager with ammenorhea Examination shows fully developed secondary sexual characteristics. Pelvic ultrasound shows a shortened vaginal canal with a rudimentary uterus.

A

Mullerian Agenesis

STEP 1 (88 decks)

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