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step 1 > DM drugs > Flashcards

DM drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Side Effects:
UTIs
Hypotension

A

SGLT2 inhibitors
Semaglutide (Ozempic)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)
Canagliflozin (Invokana)

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2
Q

Side Effects:
Weight loss
Appetite suppression
Pancreatitis

A

GLP1 agonist

Liraglutide (Victoza) / Exenatide

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3
Q

Side Effects:
Weight Gain
Fluid Retention/ HTN/ HF

A

Thiazolidinediones

Pioglitazone

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4
Q

Side Effects:
Diarrhea/ GI
Lactic Acidosis

A 
Biguanides
Metformin (Vit. B12 deficiency)
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5
Q

Side Effects:
Weight Gain
Hypoglycemia

A

Insulin Secretagogues

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6
Q

increase urine glucose excretion

A

SGLT2 inhibitors
Semaglutide
Empagliflozin

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7
Q

3 most used drugs for glycemic management

A

Metformin (1st line)
GLP1 agonist –> Liraglutide/ Exenatide
SGLT2 inhibitors –> Semaglutide/ Empagliflozin

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8
Q

Preferred anti-platelet therapy for DM

A

Low dose Asprin

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9
Q

Preferred BP control therapy for DM

A

ACE-i (Lisinopril) or ARBs (Losartan)

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10
Q

3 Lifestyle recommendations for DM management?

A

Smoking Cessation
Reduce Fat intake (Diet)
Exercise Regularly

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11
Q

Preferred Lipid-lowering therapy for DM

A

Statin (Atorvastatin/Pravastatin)

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12
Q

Glycemic control can help somewhat reduce what complications?

A

Microvascular

Retinopathy/ Nephropathy

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13
Q

Effect of exercise on insulin and glucose

A

Exercise increases glucose uptake by muscle cells
insulin is not regulated/ lowered thus impaired endogenous glucose synthesis results in hypoglycemia (low blood levels of glucose)

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14
Q

Long-standing diabetes impairs the release of ____ resulting in no hypoglycemic awareness resulting in no correctional behavioral response (like eating) and no hepatic glucose production.

A

Epinephrine

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15
Q

This drug is contraindicated in pts w/
Renal insufficiency (GFR <30)
Hepatic insufficiency
CHF

A

Metformin

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16
Q

A glycemic goal of A1c ___ is adequate for most patients.

A

7-8%

17
Q

Statin therapy and _____ improve cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetics

A

smoking cessation

primary treatment goals

18
Q

Pt is has been taking Sulfonylurea (Glipizide) for glycemic control for 10 years and is suddenly experiencing rising A1c levels despite no changes. Reason?

A

Beta cell burnout
5-15 years it stops Sulfonylureas stop helping the patient control sugar levels.

Switch to another med like SGLT2i or GLP1-angonist

19
Q

List 2 long acting Insulins to manage fasting glucose levels

A

Glargine (Lantus)

Detemir (once a day)

20
Q

Best HTN control for Black patients w/o DM

A

CCB

21
Q

Best HTN control for pts w/o DM

A

Chlorithalidone (Thiazide Diuretic)

22
Q

These medications decrease mortality in DM patients with CVD

A

GLP-1

23
Q

Screening for diabetes should commence at age __ for overweight and obese patients (USPSTF) or universally at age __ (ADA) and continue every __ years thereafter.

A

40-70
45
3

24
Q

BP should be lowered to less than ___
based on JNC-8
or less than ___
based on ACC/AHA guidelines.

A

140/90 (ideal)

130/80

25
Q

(4) meds that convey a benefit for all-cause mortality, independent of glucose control.

A

Metformin
Liraglutide (Victoza)
Exenatide (Byutta)
Empagliflozin (Jardiance)

26
Q

In type 2 diabetes, self glucose monitoring does not improve hemoglobin A1c levels or reduce complications, but does result in more symptomatic ____.

A

hypoglycemic events

27
Q

___ & ___ together are effective in preventing type 2 diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance, and in patients who are overweight or obese.

A

Lifestyle

behavior modifications

28
Q

DM drug therapy should target (3) based on the patient’s age and co-morbidities

A

blood pressure control (ACE-i)
lipid lowering agent (Statin)
reasonable blood sugar control (Metformin)

29
Q

Diabetics age ____ with a previous cardiovascular disease should receive aspirin.

A

50-70

30
Q

If non-insulin therapy does not achieve glycemic goals, ___ should be initiated.

A

insulin
(NPH- intermediate acting)
(Glargine- long acting)

31
Q

postprandial glucose goal is ___ for an A1c of 7%

A

80-130

step 1 (88 decks)

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