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STEP 1 > Useful Misc > Flashcards

Useful Misc Flashcards

1
Q

fish oil (linoleic acid) mechanism of action

A

anatgonize VLDL-cholesterol secretion

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2
Q

Where is the IVC located in relation to the liver?

A

directly posterior

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3
Q

Which nerve lies anterior to the superficial inguinal ring?

A

anterior labial/scrotal nerve

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4
Q

Which AA is required for the synthesis of glucosamine from F6P?

A

Glutamine

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5
Q

mechanism of action of orlistat? indication?

A

inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase –> weight loss

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6
Q

Drainage of the breast through which vein provides the most direct pathway for malignant cell to travel to the vertebral column?

A

intercostal veins

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7
Q

How does rearrangement affect size of VDJ regions?

A

decreases

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8
Q

How does histamine affect the
arteriolar resistance:
capillary hydrostatic pressure:
capillary filtration rate:

A

decrease arteriolar resistance

increase capillary hydrostatic pressure

increase capillary filtration rate

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9
Q

Thrombosis of which vessel is assoc w/ pancreatitis?

A

splenic vein

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10
Q

pathogenesis of adenosine deaminase deficiency + impaired DNA synthesis

A

ADA deficiency –> increase dATP in T cells –> increase dATP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase –> impaired DNA synthesis

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11
Q

What happens to the lysosomal proteins in I cell disease (no mannose-6-phosphate)?

A

secreted out of cell

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12
Q

What is the cause of ventriculomegaly in Alzheimer’s?

A

hydrocephalus ex vacuo

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13
Q

mechanism of action of niacin

A

Inhibits VLDL secretion from liver + cholesterologenesis

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14
Q

What electrolyte abnormalities does acetazolamide cause?

A

elevated chloride

type 2 RTA

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15
Q

progression of acid-base disturbance in aspirin overdose

A

hyperventilation –> resp alkalosis w/ compensatory metabolic acidosis
respiratory paralysis –> respiratory acidosis

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16
Q

mechanism of action aspirin overdose

A

uncoupling of ox-phos

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17
Q

treatment for aspirin overdose

A

sodium bicarb

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18
Q

How does a lesion to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus affect rotation of the arm?

A

can’t externally rotate

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19
Q

origin/insertion of ACL + PCL

A

ACL: posterior lateral femoral condyle –> anterior tibia
PCL: anterior medial femoral condyle –> poserior tibia
LAMP

20
Q

What is the metabolite found in the urine of patients w/ carcinoid syndrome?

A

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

21
Q

most common causes of acute bacterial parotiditis

A

Staph A

22
Q

medication of for manic episodes of bipolar

A

Valproate

23
Q

What does the subscap nerve innervate?

A

subscap

teres major

24
Q

What does the supraspinatus innervate?

A

What does the supraspinatus innervate?

25
Q

What does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

deltoid

teres minor

26
Q

blood supply to superior aspect of the lesser curvature of the stomach? inferior aspect?

A

superior aspect = L gastric

inferior aspect = R gastric

27
Q

Which childhood tumor causes vertical gaze palsy?

A

Pinealoma

28
Q

What is the location of the sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

superior to the superior concha

29
Q

What is the consequence for the fetus if the mother has hypothyroidism? Why?

A

cretinism (abnormal brain development)

during the first few months of gestation the baby relies on the mom for thyroid hormone and this is ESSENTIAL for brain development

30
Q

Pain from the phrenic nerve will usually be associated with what sensations? Where will the pain originate?

A

pain originates from the heart; associated with shoulder pain

31
Q

What happens in the liver first as a result of binge brinking?

A

Fatty Change

swelling of cells first maybe

32
Q 
Pregnant woman
Hemolysis
Elevated Liver enzymes
Low Platelets
schistocytes
A

HELLP Syndrome

*immediate delivery

33
Q

What are the side effx of bleomycin?

A

hyperpigmentation + pulmonary fibrosis

34
Q

Most likely cause of death within 24 hrs of an MI?

A

Vent. Arrythmia

35
Q

Restrictive lung disease causes expansion of the airway due to outward pulling of the fibrotic tissue- this causes increased radial traction

What value paradoxically increases as a result

A

FEV1

36
Q

In Tuberous Sclerosis what are the renal findings?

Cardiac findings?

A

renal angiomyolipomas

cardiac rhabdomyomas

37
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a defect in what step of collagen synthesis/structure?

A

secondary structure formation: glycosylation forming triple helix

38
Q

What does a hemidesmosome connect?

A

basement membrane to the stratum basale

39
Q

What is the presentation of pyruvate kinase deficiency?

What would be increased? What would be decreased?

A

hemolytic anemia in a newborn

2,3 BPG increased
ATP decreased

40
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

omega 3= alpha-linolenic

omega 6=linoleic

41
Q

What would the mixed venous oxygen tension be in a cardiogenic shock patient?

What would pulmonary vascular resistance be?

A

decreased because you’re already saturating less

increased (you’re not saturating as much so your lung constrict rather than dilate)

42
Q

What does Tamoxifen do in the endometrial and the breast tissue?

A

endometrial- partial agonist

breast- antagonist

43
Q

What do the parietal cells secrete?

What do the chief cells secrete?

A

Gastric acid and intrinsic factor

zymogen or pepsin

44
Q

opioids can cause what adverse rxn?

A

IgE independent mast cell degranulation

(release histamine/heparin/tryptase/eosinophil chemotactic factors

45
Q

What nerves control volume of the bladder?

Sympathetic control?

Parasympathetic control?

A

pudendal nerve

hypogastric nerve

pelvic nerve

46
Q

What part of the bladder do the pudendal nerves control?

What part do the hypogastric nerves control?

What part do the pelvic nerves control?

A

external sphincter

internal sphincter

detrusor muscle (on the top of the bladder)

STEP 1 (88 decks)

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