Useful Misc Flashcards
fish oil (linoleic acid) mechanism of action
anatgonize VLDL-cholesterol secretion
Where is the IVC located in relation to the liver?
directly posterior
Which nerve lies anterior to the superficial inguinal ring?
anterior labial/scrotal nerve
Which AA is required for the synthesis of glucosamine from F6P?
Glutamine
mechanism of action of orlistat? indication?
inhibits gastric and pancreatic lipase –> weight loss
Drainage of the breast through which vein provides the most direct pathway for malignant cell to travel to the vertebral column?
intercostal veins
How does rearrangement affect size of VDJ regions?
decreases
How does histamine affect the
arteriolar resistance:
capillary hydrostatic pressure:
capillary filtration rate:
decrease arteriolar resistance
increase capillary hydrostatic pressure
increase capillary filtration rate
Thrombosis of which vessel is assoc w/ pancreatitis?
splenic vein
pathogenesis of adenosine deaminase deficiency + impaired DNA synthesis
ADA deficiency –> increase dATP in T cells –> increase dATP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase –> impaired DNA synthesis
What happens to the lysosomal proteins in I cell disease (no mannose-6-phosphate)?
secreted out of cell
What is the cause of ventriculomegaly in Alzheimer’s?
hydrocephalus ex vacuo
mechanism of action of niacin
Inhibits VLDL secretion from liver + cholesterologenesis
What electrolyte abnormalities does acetazolamide cause?
elevated chloride
type 2 RTA
progression of acid-base disturbance in aspirin overdose
hyperventilation –> resp alkalosis w/ compensatory metabolic acidosis
respiratory paralysis –> respiratory acidosis
mechanism of action aspirin overdose
uncoupling of ox-phos
treatment for aspirin overdose
sodium bicarb
How does a lesion to the upper trunk of the brachial plexus affect rotation of the arm?
can’t externally rotate
origin/insertion of ACL + PCL
ACL: posterior lateral femoral condyle –> anterior tibia
PCL: anterior medial femoral condyle –> poserior tibia
LAMP
What is the metabolite found in the urine of patients w/ carcinoid syndrome?
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
most common causes of acute bacterial parotiditis
Staph A
medication of for manic episodes of bipolar
Valproate
What does the subscap nerve innervate?
subscap
teres major
What does the supraspinatus innervate?
What does the supraspinatus innervate?
What does the axillary nerve innervate?
deltoid
teres minor
blood supply to superior aspect of the lesser curvature of the stomach? inferior aspect?
superior aspect = L gastric
inferior aspect = R gastric
Which childhood tumor causes vertical gaze palsy?
Pinealoma
What is the location of the sphenoethmoidal recess?
superior to the superior concha
What is the consequence for the fetus if the mother has hypothyroidism? Why?
cretinism (abnormal brain development)
during the first few months of gestation the baby relies on the mom for thyroid hormone and this is ESSENTIAL for brain development
Pain from the phrenic nerve will usually be associated with what sensations? Where will the pain originate?
pain originates from the heart; associated with shoulder pain
What happens in the liver first as a result of binge brinking?
Fatty Change
swelling of cells first maybe
Pregnant woman Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Platelets schistocytes
HELLP Syndrome
*immediate delivery
What are the side effx of bleomycin?
hyperpigmentation + pulmonary fibrosis
Most likely cause of death within 24 hrs of an MI?
Vent. Arrythmia
Restrictive lung disease causes expansion of the airway due to outward pulling of the fibrotic tissue- this causes increased radial traction
What value paradoxically increases as a result
FEV1
In Tuberous Sclerosis what are the renal findings?
Cardiac findings?
renal angiomyolipomas
cardiac rhabdomyomas
Osteogenesis imperfecta is a defect in what step of collagen synthesis/structure?
secondary structure formation: glycosylation forming triple helix
What does a hemidesmosome connect?
basement membrane to the stratum basale
What is the presentation of pyruvate kinase deficiency?
What would be increased? What would be decreased?
hemolytic anemia in a newborn
2,3 BPG increased
ATP decreased
What are the essential fatty acids?
omega 3= alpha-linolenic
omega 6=linoleic
What would the mixed venous oxygen tension be in a cardiogenic shock patient?
What would pulmonary vascular resistance be?
decreased because you’re already saturating less
increased (you’re not saturating as much so your lung constrict rather than dilate)
What does Tamoxifen do in the endometrial and the breast tissue?
endometrial- partial agonist
breast- antagonist
What do the parietal cells secrete?
What do the chief cells secrete?
Gastric acid and intrinsic factor
zymogen or pepsin
opioids can cause what adverse rxn?
IgE independent mast cell degranulation
(release histamine/heparin/tryptase/eosinophil chemotactic factors
What nerves control volume of the bladder?
Sympathetic control?
Parasympathetic control?
pudendal nerve
hypogastric nerve
pelvic nerve
What part of the bladder do the pudendal nerves control?
What part do the hypogastric nerves control?
What part do the pelvic nerves control?
external sphincter
internal sphincter
detrusor muscle (on the top of the bladder)
