Neuro random Flashcards
C2 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Back of the head/skull
T4 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Nipple line
Titties
T10 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Belly Button Line
ButTEN
L1 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Ligament Inguinal
L 1inguinal
S2, 3, 4 dermatomes provides sensation to what?
Penile and anal zones
S1 & S2 dermatomes provides sensation to what?
Back of the entire leg
S5 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Butthole
L4 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Anterior thigh (some)
Knee caps
Medial leg/malleolus
Big toe
C4 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Clavicle
C6 dermatome provides sensation to what?
Thumb
C7: Pointer and middle fingers
C8: Ring and Pinky fingers
Cremasteric Reflex is absent in what illness?
Testicular Torsion
Anal Wink is absent in what illness?
Cauda Equina
Achilles reflex main nerve root is
S1
Patellar reflex main nerve root is
L4
Biceps reflex main nerve root is
C5
Triceps reflex main nerve root is
C7
The facial artery is a branch of the
external carotid artery
The middle cerebral artery is a branch of the
internal carotid artery
The ophthalmic artery is the first branch of the
internal carotid artery
The sphenopalatine artery is a branch of the third part of the _______ and supplies much of the nasal mucosa.
maxillary artery
The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the _______, which enters the skull at the ______ and courses intracranially deep to the pterion (where the frontal, parietal, temporal, and sphenoid bones meet). Skull fractures at this site may cause laceration of this vessel, leading to an _______.
maxillary artery
foramen spinosum
epidural hematoma
Granulomas are seen in the media of the arteries, consisting of mononuclear infiltrates and multinucleated giant cells.
The changes in the arteries are segmental: abnormal areas are interspersed by segments of normal-appearing arterial wall.
Affected segments cause narrowing of the vessel with a decrease in blood supply to the perfused areas.
giant (Temporal) cell vasculitis (arteritis)
Sudden-onset, severe headache with signs of meningeal irritation (eg, neck pain, stiffness) should raise suspicion for
subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
usually results from the rupture of small arteries in the pons, thalamus, or basal ganglia, commonly in the setting of underlying hypertensive vasculopathy.
Intracerebral hemorrhage
Rupture of Bridging cortical veins
Subdural Hematoma
If the occluded MCA is in the ____ hemisphere, aphasia may also occur.
dominant (usually left)
Uncontrolled hypertension and diabetes mellitus are major risk factors for
Lacunar infarcts as a result of small vessel occlusion (due to lipohyalinosis and microatheroma formation)
in the penetrating vessels supplying the deep brain structures.
Damage to ____ & _____ nuclei results in complete contralateral sensory loss.
VPL
VPM
Damage to the ___ typically causes behavioral abnormalities (eg, agitation, psychosis, abulia), speech/language disturbances, and movement disorders (eg, choreoathetosis).
caudate nucleus
What CN are in the cavernous sinus
CN 3, 4, V1, V2, 6
Homonymous hemianopia with macular involvement.
Middle cerebral artery stroke
contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing.
Posterior cerebral artery stroke
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Mediates satiety;
destruction leads to hyperphagia
Ventromedial
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Mediates hunger;
destruction leads to anorexia
Lateral
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Mediates heat dissipation;
destruction leads to hyperthermia
Anterior
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Mediates heat conservation; destruction leads to hypothermia
Posterior
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Secretion of dopamine (inhibits prolactin), GHRH
Arcuate
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Secretion of GnRH, regulates sexual behavior
Medial Preoptic
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Circadian rhythm regulation & pineal gland function
Suprachiasmatic
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Secretion of oxytocin, CRH, TRH
Paraventricular
Hypothalamic nuclei:
Secretion of Vasopressin (ADH)
Supraoptic
