# - Vertebral #

Question 1

? ? fractures of the ? spine can occur with minimal trauma in osteoporosis.
The mechanism of injury is excessive spinal ?, whilst posterior ? remain intact, leading to ? fractures.

Answer 1

wedge compression
thoracolumbar
flexion
ligaments
anterior

Question 2

Presentation;
o Marked pain, worse on ? and ?-?
o The pain will ? improve over ?.

Answer 2

movement
weight-bearing
slowly
months

Question 3

The fracture is very ?(as only the ? column is affected), however multiple such fractures can lead to a ? ? of the ? spine.
Investigations;
o ? and ? X-rays of the spine.

Answer 3

stable
anterior
kyphotic deformity
lumbar
ap
lateral

Question 4

Treatment;
0 Bed rest for ?-? weeks until the pain subsides.
0 Conservative: ? and ? ? exercises.
• If there is marked wedging (>?% ? height reduction),
then a ?-? ? for 3 ? may be used.

Answer 4

1-2
mobilisation
mm strengthening
>25% anterior
thoraco-columnar
brace
months

Question 5

Surgical: ?- ? is percutaneously injected into the ? vertebra.
• Indicated in patients with ? pain that is confirmed to be
at the ? of the fracture.

Answer 5

kyphoplasty
cement
collapsed
ongoing
level

Question 6

Notable cervical vertebral fractures include;
Jefferson’s fracture.
o ? fracture due to ? ? force on the ? of the skull
transmitted to the spine.
0 ? ? XR to diagnose.

Answer 6

c1
axial compressive
vertex
open mouth

Question 7

Notable cervical vertebral fractures include;
Hangman' s fracture.
o ? fracture due to ? of the neck.
o Visualised on ? XR.
Odontoid fractures.
o Highly associated with ? ? injuries.
o '? view' XR.

Answer 7

c2
hyperextension
lateral
spinal cord
peg