Urinalysis and body fluids- Urine Microscopy and Clinical Correlations Flashcards
1
Q
- Which of the following dyes are used in
Sternheimer–Malbin stain?
A. Hematoxylin and eosin
B. Crystal violet and safranin
C. Methylene blue and eosin
D. Methylene blue and safranin
A
B. Crystal violet and safranin
2
Q
- Which of the following statements regarding
WBCs in urinary sediment is true?
A. “Glitter cells” seen in the urinary sediment are a
sign of renal disease
B. Bacteriuria in the absence of WBCs indicates
lower urinary tract infection (UTI)
C. WBCs other than PMNs are not found in
urinary sediment
D. WBC casts indicate that pyuria is of renal, rather
than lower urinary, origin
A
D. WBC casts indicate that pyuria is of renal, rather
than lower urinary, origin
3
Q
- Which description of sediment with
Sternheimer–Malbin stain is correct?
A. Transitional epithelium: cytoplasm pale blue,
nucleus dark blue
B. Renal epithelium: cytoplasm light blue, nucleus
dark purple
C. Glitter cells: cytoplasm dark blue, nucleus dark
purple
D. Squamous epithelium: cytoplasm pink, nucleus
pale blue
A
A. Transitional epithelium: cytoplasm pale blue,
nucleus dark blue
4
Q
- SITUATION: A 5-mL urine specimen is submitted
for routine urinalysis and analyzed immediately.
The SG of the sample is 1.012 and the pH is 6.5.
The dry reagent strip test for blood is a large
positive (3+) and the microscopic examination
shows 11–20 RBCs per HPF. The leukocyte
esterase reaction is a small positive (1+), and the
microscopic examination shows 0–5 WBCs per
HPF. What is the most likely cause of these
results?
A. Myoglobin is present in the sample
B. Free hemoglobin is present
C. Insufficient volume is causing microscopic results
to be underestimated
D. Some WBCs have been misidentified as RBCs
A
C. Insufficient volume is causing microscopic results
to be underestimated
5
Q
- Which of the following statements regarding
epithelial cells in the urinary system is correct?
A. Caudate epithelial cells originate from the upper
urethra
B. Transitional cells originate from the upper
urethra, ureters, bladder, or renal pelvis
C. Cells from the proximal renal tubule are usually
round in shape
D. Squamous epithelium line the vagina, urethra,
and wall of the urinary bladder
A
B. Transitional cells originate from the upper
urethra, ureters, bladder, or renal pelvis
6
Q
- Which of the statements regarding examination
of unstained sediment is true?
A. Renal cells can be differentiated reliably from
WBCs
B. Large numbers of transitional cells are often seen
after catheterization
C. Neoplastic cells from the bladder are not found
in urinary sediment
D. RBCs are easily differentiated from nonbudding
yeast
A
B. Large numbers of transitional cells are often seen
after catheterization
7
Q
- Which of the following statements regarding cells
found in urinary sediment is true?
A. Transitional cells resist swelling in hypotonic
urine
B. Renal tubular cells are often polyhedral and have
an eccentric round nucleus
C. Trichomonads have an oval shape with a
prominent nucleus and a single anterior
flagellum
D. Clumps of bacteria are frequently mistaken for
blood casts
A
B. Renal tubular cells are often polyhedral and have
an eccentric round nucleus
8
Q
- Which of the following statements regarding
RBCs in the urinary sediment is true?
A. Yeast cells will lyse in dilute acetic acid but RBCs
will not
B. RBCs are often swollen in hypertonic urine
C. RBCs of glomerular origin often appear
dysmorphic
D. Yeast cells will tumble when the cover glass is
touched but RBCs will not
A
C. RBCs of glomerular origin often appear
dysmorphic
9
Q
- Renal tubular epithelial cells are shed into the
urine in largest numbers in which condition?
A. Malignant renal disease
B. Acute glomerulonephritis
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the kidney
A
D. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the kidney
10
Q
- The ova of which parasite may be found in the
urinary sediment?
A. T. vaginalis
B. Entamoeba histolytica
C. Schistosoma hematobium
D. Trichuris trichiura
A
C. Schistosoma hematobium
11
Q
- Oval fat bodies are often seen in:
A. Chronic glomerulonephritis
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Acute tubular nephrosis
D. Renal failure of any cause
A
B. Nephrotic syndrome
12
Q
- All of the following statements regarding urinary
casts are true except:
A. Many hyaline casts may appear in sediment after
jogging or exercise
B. An occasional granular cast may be seen in a
normal sediment
C. Casts can be seen in significant numbers even
when protein tests are negative
D. Hyaline casts will dissolve readily in alkaline urine
A
C. Casts can be seen in significant numbers even
when protein tests are negative
13
Q
- Which condition promotes the formation of casts
in the urine?
A. Chronic production of alkaline urine
B. Polyuria
C. Reduced filtrate formation
D. Low urine SG
A
C. Reduced filtrate formation
14
Q
- The mucoprotein that forms the matrix of a
hyaline cast is called:
A. Bence–Jones protein
B. β-Microglobulin
C. Tamm–Horsfall protein
D. Arginine-rich glycoprotein
A
C. Tamm–Horsfall protein
15
Q
- “Pseudocasts” are often caused by:
A. A dirty cover glass or slide
B. Bacterial contamination
C. Amorphous urates
D. Mucus in the urine
Body fluids/Apply knowled
A
C. Amorphous urates
16
Q
- Which of the following statements regarding
urinary casts is correct?
A. Fine granular casts are more significant than
coarse granular casts
B. Cylindruria is always clinically significant
C. The appearance of cylindroids signals the onset
of end-stage renal disease
D. Broad casts are associated with severe renal
tubular obstruction
A
D. Broad casts are associated with severe renal
tubular obstruction
17
Q
- A sediment with moderate hematuria and RBC
casts most likely results from:
A. Chronic pyelonephritis
B. Nephrotic syndrome
C. Acute glomerulonephritis
D. Lower urinary tract obstruction
A
C. Acute glomerulonephritis
18
Q
- Urine sediment characterized by pyuria with
bacterial and WBC casts indicates:
A. Nephrotic syndrome
B. Pyelonephritis
C. Polycystic kidney disease
D. Cystitis
A
B. Pyelonephritis
