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***Medical Lab science review- Robert Harr 4th > Micro-Virology > Flashcards

Micro-Virology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Classification of viruses is made by:
    A. Complement fixation serology
    B. Electron microscopy
    C. Nucleic acid composition
    D. Cellular inclusion bodies
A

C. Nucleic acid composition

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2
Q
  1. Which virus is the most common etiological agent
    of viral respiratory diseases in infants and children?
    A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
    B. Measles virus
    C. Coxsackie A virus
    D. Coxsackie B virus
A

A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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3
Q
  1. The most common viral syndrome of pericarditis,
    myocarditis, and pleurodynia (pain upon
    breathing) is caused by:
    A. Herpes simplex virus
    B. Respiratory syncytial virus
    C. Epstein–Barr virus
    D. Coxsackie B virus
A

D. Coxsackie B virus

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following viruses is implicated along
    with Epstein–Barr virus as a cause of infectious
    mononucleosis?
    A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
    B. Coxsackie A virus
    C. Coxsackie B virus
    D. Hepatitis B virus
A

A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

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5
Q
  1. The most common causes of viral pneumonia in
    adults are:
    A. Influenza and adenovirus
    B. Hepatitis A and B viruses
    C. Coxsackie A and B viruses
    D. Herpes simplex and CMV
A

A. Influenza and adenovirus

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6
Q
  1. Which virus belonging to the Reoviridae group
    causes gastroenteritis in infants and young
    children but an asymptomatic infection in adults?
    A. Coxsackie B virus
    B. Rotavirus
    C. Respiratory syncytial virus
    D. Rhabdovirus
A

B. Rotavirus

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7
Q
  1. A very small, single-stranded DNA virus that
    causes a febrile illness with a rash and is called the
    fifth childhood disease after rubeola, rubella,
    varicella, and roseola is:
    A. Rotavirus
    B. Adenovirus type 40
    C. Coxsackie A virus
    D. Parvovirus B19
A

D. Parvovirus B19

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8
Q
  1. Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted by:
    A. Acupuncture
    B. Tattoos
    C. Sexual contact
    D. All of these options
A

D. All of these options

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9
Q
  1. Which virus has been implicated in adult
    gastroenteritis resulting from ingestion of
    contaminated food (especially shellfish)
    and water?
    A. Norwalk-like viruses
    B. Rotavirus
    C. Hepatitis C virus
    D. Coronavirus
A

A. Norwalk-like viruses

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10
Q
  1. Which virus is associated with venereal and
    respiratory tract warts and produces lesions of
    skin and mucous membranes?
    A. Polyomavirus
    B. Poxvirus
    C. Adenovirus
    D. Papillomavirus
A

D. Papillomavirus

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11
Q
  1. A clinical test used for the detection and
    identification of viral infections other than
    culture is:
    A. Hemagglutination
    B. Hemadsorption
    C. Viral antigen detection
    D. All of these options
A

D. All of these options

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12
Q
  1. Which technique is used for the confirmation
    of infection with human immunodeficiency
    virus (HIV-1)?
    A. Western blot (immunoblot) assay
    B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
    C. Complement fixation
    D. p24 Antigen testing
A

A. Western blot (immunoblot) assay

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13
Q
  1. A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital
    with a diagnosis of viral encephalitis. History
    revealed that the boy harbored wild raccoons from
    nearby woods. What is the best method to
    determine if the boy has contracted rabies?
    A. Remove the brainstems from all of the raccoons
    and examine for cytopathic effects
    B. Request immunofluorescent test for antibody on
    the saliva from all of the raccoons
    C. Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in
    cutaneous nerves obtained by nuchal biopsy of
    the patient
    D. Isolate the virus from the saliva of both the
    animals and the patient
A

C. Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in
cutaneous nerves obtained by nuchal biopsy of
the patient

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14
Q
  1. A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital
    with acute respiratory distress, fever, myalgia, and
    headache. Influenza A or B was suspected after
    ruling out bacterial pneumonia. Which of the
    following methods could be used to confirm
    influenza infection?
    A. Influenza virus culture in Madin–Darby canine
    kidney
    B. Hemagglutination-inhibition test for antibodies
    in the patient’s serum
    C. Direct examination of nasal epithelium for virus
    using fluorescent antibody stain
    D. All of these options
A

D. All of these options

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15
Q
  1. The most rapid definitive diagnosis of a genital
    herpes simplex (HSV-2) infection in a 20-year-old
    man is made by which method?
    A. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen
    in vesicle fluid
    B. Titer of serum and seminal fluid for antibodies
    to herpes simplex
    C. Detection of antiherpes simplex in seminal fluid
    D. Cell culture of vesicle fluid
A

A. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen
in vesicle fluid

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16
Q
  1. A 20-year-old female college student complained
    of a sore throat and extreme fatigue. The physician
    noted lymphadenopathy and ordered a rapid test
    for infectious mononucleosis antibodies that was
    negative. Bacterial cultures were negative, as were
    serological tests for influenza A and B, HIV-1,
    CMV, hepatitis B, and antistreptolysin O. What
    would be the next line of viral testing to establish a
    diagnosis?
    A. Herpes simplex
    B. Rubella
    C. Epstein–Barr
    D. West Nile
A

C. Epstein–Barr

17
Q
  1. A 60-year-old male gardener from New York State
    was hospitalized with flulike symptoms and
    eventually diagnosed with encephalitis. While
    working in his garden, he noticed several dead
    birds around his bird feeder. The region was
    known to be heavily infested with mosquitoes.
    What is the most likely cause of his illness?
    A. West Nile virus
    B. Epstein–Barr virus
    C. Parvovirus
    D. Hantavirus
A

A. West Nile virus

18
Q
  1. A 30-year-old male patient who was a contractor
    and building inspector in the southwestern
    United States complained of difficulty breathing
    and was admitted to the hospital with severe
    respiratory disease. The physician noted a high
    fever and cough. Two days before, the patient
    had inspected an old warehouse, abandoned and
    infested with rodents. The patient was given
    intravenous antibiotics, but 2 days into therapy
    the pneumonia worsened and he developed
    pulmonary edema. Which organism should be
    suspected of causing his illness?
    A. Hantavirus
    B. Rotavirus
    C. West Nile virus
    D. Norwalk-like virus
A

A. Hantavirus

19
Q
  1. A 3-year-old female was admitted to the hospital
    following a 2-day visit with relatives over the
    Christmas holidays. Vomiting and diarrhea left the
    child severely dehydrated. No other members of
    the family were affected. All bacterial cultures
    proved negative. A stool sample should be tested
    for which virus?
    A. CMV
    B. EBV
    C. Hepatitis D
    D. Rotavirus
A

D. Rotavirus

20
Q
  1. A 25-year-old male patient was diagnosed with
    HIV-1 by enzyme immunoassay, testing positive
    twice, and the diagnosis was confirmed by
    Western blot testing. Which laboratory test
    should be performed prior to initiating antiviral
    therapy?
    A. Quantitative plasma virus concentration (viral
    load testing)
    B. Quantitation of CD4 lymphocytes
    C. Phenotype/genotype resistance testing
    D. All of these options
A

D. All of these options

21
Q
  1. A 6-month-old male infant was hospitalized with a
    respiratory infection. He was diagnosed with
    apnea and bronchiolitis. Further testing revealed
    congenital heart disease. Bacterial cultures were
    negative for Streptococcus pneumoniae and
    Haemophilus influenzae. What further testing
    should be done?
    A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
    B. Rotavirus
    C. Norwalk virus
    D. HIV
A

A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

22
Q
  1. A young male hunter encountered a fox in his path
    during a walk in the woods. The fox was staggering
    but appeared nonthreatening. The man tried to
    avoid contact but was attacked and bitten on the
    leg. The bite broke the skin but was not deep.
    Wildlife officials were unable to locate the fox for
    testing. What procedure should take place next for
    the hunter?
    A. Spinal tap with CSF testing for rabies virus
    B. Administration of hyperimmune antirabies
    globulin and rabies vaccine
    C. Biopsy of the wound site
    D. Throat culture and blood culture
A

B. Administration of hyperimmune antirabies
globulin and rabies vaccine

23
Q
  1. A 40-year-old female experienced a respiratory
    infection after returning home from a visit to her
    homeland of China. A rapid onset of pneumonia
    in the lower respiratory area prompted the
    physician to place her in isolation. She was
    diagnosed presumptively with severe acute
    respiratory syndrome (SARS) and placed on a
    respirator. What type of testing should be done
    next to diagnose this disease?
    A. Molecular technique and cell culture
    B. Latex agglutination test
    C. Blood culture
    D. Complement fixation
A

A. Molecular technique and cell culture

24
Q
  1. A pregnant 25-year-old female with genital
    lesions delivered a premature newborn with
    complications. The baby tested negative for
    bacterial infection (cultures of blood and urine).
    Antigen testing of the baby’s urine proved
    negative for group B streptococci and Streptococcus
    pneumoniae. The mother tested negative for
    bacterial sexually transmitted diseases and for
    group B streptococci. The baby was treated with
    acyclovir and failed to survive. What was the most
    likely cause of death?
    A. CMV
    B. Human immunodeficiency virus
    C. Respiratory syncytial virus
    D. Herpes simplex virus
A

D. Herpes simplex virus

25
Q
  1. A young father of two small children complained
    of a rash on the torso of his body. The children
    had been diagnosed with chickenpox and confined
    to their home. The father had experienced
    chickenpox as a child and knew he did not have
    the same rash as his children. What is the most
    likely cause of the father’s rash?
    A. Herpes simplex 1 virus
    B. Varicella-zoster virus
    C. Herpes simplex 2 virus
    D. Epstein–Barr virus
A

B. Varicella-zoster virus

26
Q
  1. The organs of a 65-year-old male were donated
    soon after a fatal auto accident. Three recipients of
    his corneas and kidneys died within weeks after
    receiving his organs. Which of the following
    viruses most likely caused the death of these
    recipients?
    A. HIV
    B. Rabies
    C. Norwalk-like
    D. Rotavirus
A

B. Rabies

27
Q
  1. While on a 7-day cruise to Vancouver and Alaska,
    a number of passengers reported to the ship’s
    medical staff complaining of vomiting and
    diarrhea. Which is the most likely virus to have
    infected these mainly adult passengers?
    A. Rotavirus
    B. Parainfluenza
    C. Respiratory syncytial
    D. Norwalk or Norwalk-like viruses
A

D. Norwalk or Norwalk-like viruses

28
Q
  1. SITUATION: A patient tested positive for HIV-1
    infection using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase
    chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. However,
    1 week later a second blood sample was collected
    and sent to a reference lab that performed a
    confirmatory test by Western blot. The Western
    blot test was negative. What best explains these
    results?
    A. The samples for RT-PCR and Western blot were
    not from the same patient
    B. RT-PCR is more sensitive for early detection
    C. The RT-PCR result was falsely positive
    D. The RT-PCR test detected HIV-2 and the
    Western blot is specific for HIV-1
A

B. RT-PCR is more sensitive for early detection

29
Q
  1. SITUATION: A pregnant women was seen by
    her obstetrician with signs of flulike illness during
    her second trimester. NAT tests were ordered for
    Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus,
    and herpes simplex 1 and 2. All test results were
    negative. However, after delivery, the newborn
    exhibited signs of an infection and failed to
    survive. Which virus causes a 90% transplacental
    infection rate when found in the mother?
    A. Hepatitis A
    B. Hepatitis B
    C. Hepatitis D
    D. Hepatitis G
A

B. Hepatitis B

30
Q
  1. An immunocompromised patient was admitted
    to the hospital with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic
    cystitis. Which combination of virus and specimen
    would be most appropriate to diagnose a viral
    cause of this disorder?
    A. BK virus—urine
    B. Human papilloma virus—skin
    C. Hepatitis B virus—serum
    D. Epstein–Barr virus—serum
A

A. BK virus—urine

***Medical Lab science review- Robert Harr 4th (63 decks)

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