Micro-Virology Flashcards
1
Q
- Classification of viruses is made by:
A. Complement fixation serology
B. Electron microscopy
C. Nucleic acid composition
D. Cellular inclusion bodies
A
C. Nucleic acid composition
2
Q
- Which virus is the most common etiological agent
of viral respiratory diseases in infants and children?
A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B. Measles virus
C. Coxsackie A virus
D. Coxsackie B virus
A
A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
3
Q
- The most common viral syndrome of pericarditis,
myocarditis, and pleurodynia (pain upon
breathing) is caused by:
A. Herpes simplex virus
B. Respiratory syncytial virus
C. Epstein–Barr virus
D. Coxsackie B virus
A
D. Coxsackie B virus
4
Q
- Which of the following viruses is implicated along
with Epstein–Barr virus as a cause of infectious
mononucleosis?
A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
B. Coxsackie A virus
C. Coxsackie B virus
D. Hepatitis B virus
A
A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
5
Q
- The most common causes of viral pneumonia in
adults are:
A. Influenza and adenovirus
B. Hepatitis A and B viruses
C. Coxsackie A and B viruses
D. Herpes simplex and CMV
A
A. Influenza and adenovirus
6
Q
- Which virus belonging to the Reoviridae group
causes gastroenteritis in infants and young
children but an asymptomatic infection in adults?
A. Coxsackie B virus
B. Rotavirus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus
D. Rhabdovirus
A
B. Rotavirus
7
Q
- A very small, single-stranded DNA virus that
causes a febrile illness with a rash and is called the
fifth childhood disease after rubeola, rubella,
varicella, and roseola is:
A. Rotavirus
B. Adenovirus type 40
C. Coxsackie A virus
D. Parvovirus B19
A
D. Parvovirus B19
8
Q
- Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted by:
A. Acupuncture
B. Tattoos
C. Sexual contact
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
9
Q
- Which virus has been implicated in adult
gastroenteritis resulting from ingestion of
contaminated food (especially shellfish)
and water?
A. Norwalk-like viruses
B. Rotavirus
C. Hepatitis C virus
D. Coronavirus
A
A. Norwalk-like viruses
10
Q
- Which virus is associated with venereal and
respiratory tract warts and produces lesions of
skin and mucous membranes?
A. Polyomavirus
B. Poxvirus
C. Adenovirus
D. Papillomavirus
A
D. Papillomavirus
11
Q
- A clinical test used for the detection and
identification of viral infections other than
culture is:
A. Hemagglutination
B. Hemadsorption
C. Viral antigen detection
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
12
Q
- Which technique is used for the confirmation
of infection with human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV-1)?
A. Western blot (immunoblot) assay
B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
C. Complement fixation
D. p24 Antigen testing
A
A. Western blot (immunoblot) assay
13
Q
- A 13-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital
with a diagnosis of viral encephalitis. History
revealed that the boy harbored wild raccoons from
nearby woods. What is the best method to
determine if the boy has contracted rabies?
A. Remove the brainstems from all of the raccoons
and examine for cytopathic effects
B. Request immunofluorescent test for antibody on
the saliva from all of the raccoons
C. Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in
cutaneous nerves obtained by nuchal biopsy of
the patient
D. Isolate the virus from the saliva of both the
animals and the patient
A
C. Request immunofluorescent test for antigen in
cutaneous nerves obtained by nuchal biopsy of
the patient
14
Q
- A 65-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital
with acute respiratory distress, fever, myalgia, and
headache. Influenza A or B was suspected after
ruling out bacterial pneumonia. Which of the
following methods could be used to confirm
influenza infection?
A. Influenza virus culture in Madin–Darby canine
kidney
B. Hemagglutination-inhibition test for antibodies
in the patient’s serum
C. Direct examination of nasal epithelium for virus
using fluorescent antibody stain
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
15
Q
- The most rapid definitive diagnosis of a genital
herpes simplex (HSV-2) infection in a 20-year-old
man is made by which method?
A. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen
in vesicle fluid
B. Titer of serum and seminal fluid for antibodies
to herpes simplex
C. Detection of antiherpes simplex in seminal fluid
D. Cell culture of vesicle fluid
A
A. Direct immunofluorescence test for viral antigen
in vesicle fluid
16
Q
- A 20-year-old female college student complained
of a sore throat and extreme fatigue. The physician
noted lymphadenopathy and ordered a rapid test
for infectious mononucleosis antibodies that was
negative. Bacterial cultures were negative, as were
serological tests for influenza A and B, HIV-1,
CMV, hepatitis B, and antistreptolysin O. What
would be the next line of viral testing to establish a
diagnosis?
A. Herpes simplex
B. Rubella
C. Epstein–Barr
D. West Nile
A
C. Epstein–Barr
17
Q
- A 60-year-old male gardener from New York State
was hospitalized with flulike symptoms and
eventually diagnosed with encephalitis. While
working in his garden, he noticed several dead
birds around his bird feeder. The region was
known to be heavily infested with mosquitoes.
What is the most likely cause of his illness?
A. West Nile virus
B. Epstein–Barr virus
C. Parvovirus
D. Hantavirus
A
A. West Nile virus
18
Q
- A 30-year-old male patient who was a contractor
and building inspector in the southwestern
United States complained of difficulty breathing
and was admitted to the hospital with severe
respiratory disease. The physician noted a high
fever and cough. Two days before, the patient
had inspected an old warehouse, abandoned and
infested with rodents. The patient was given
intravenous antibiotics, but 2 days into therapy
the pneumonia worsened and he developed
pulmonary edema. Which organism should be
suspected of causing his illness?
A. Hantavirus
B. Rotavirus
C. West Nile virus
D. Norwalk-like virus
A
A. Hantavirus
19
Q
- A 3-year-old female was admitted to the hospital
following a 2-day visit with relatives over the
Christmas holidays. Vomiting and diarrhea left the
child severely dehydrated. No other members of
the family were affected. All bacterial cultures
proved negative. A stool sample should be tested
for which virus?
A. CMV
B. EBV
C. Hepatitis D
D. Rotavirus
A
D. Rotavirus
20
Q
- A 25-year-old male patient was diagnosed with
HIV-1 by enzyme immunoassay, testing positive
twice, and the diagnosis was confirmed by
Western blot testing. Which laboratory test
should be performed prior to initiating antiviral
therapy?
A. Quantitative plasma virus concentration (viral
load testing)
B. Quantitation of CD4 lymphocytes
C. Phenotype/genotype resistance testing
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
21
Q
- A 6-month-old male infant was hospitalized with a
respiratory infection. He was diagnosed with
apnea and bronchiolitis. Further testing revealed
congenital heart disease. Bacterial cultures were
negative for Streptococcus pneumoniae and
Haemophilus influenzae. What further testing
should be done?
A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B. Rotavirus
C. Norwalk virus
D. HIV
A
A. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
22
Q
- A young male hunter encountered a fox in his path
during a walk in the woods. The fox was staggering
but appeared nonthreatening. The man tried to
avoid contact but was attacked and bitten on the
leg. The bite broke the skin but was not deep.
Wildlife officials were unable to locate the fox for
testing. What procedure should take place next for
the hunter?
A. Spinal tap with CSF testing for rabies virus
B. Administration of hyperimmune antirabies
globulin and rabies vaccine
C. Biopsy of the wound site
D. Throat culture and blood culture
A
B. Administration of hyperimmune antirabies
globulin and rabies vaccine
23
Q
- A 40-year-old female experienced a respiratory
infection after returning home from a visit to her
homeland of China. A rapid onset of pneumonia
in the lower respiratory area prompted the
physician to place her in isolation. She was
diagnosed presumptively with severe acute
respiratory syndrome (SARS) and placed on a
respirator. What type of testing should be done
next to diagnose this disease?
A. Molecular technique and cell culture
B. Latex agglutination test
C. Blood culture
D. Complement fixation
A
A. Molecular technique and cell culture
24
Q
- A pregnant 25-year-old female with genital
lesions delivered a premature newborn with
complications. The baby tested negative for
bacterial infection (cultures of blood and urine).
Antigen testing of the baby’s urine proved
negative for group B streptococci and Streptococcus
pneumoniae. The mother tested negative for
bacterial sexually transmitted diseases and for
group B streptococci. The baby was treated with
acyclovir and failed to survive. What was the most
likely cause of death?
A. CMV
B. Human immunodeficiency virus
C. Respiratory syncytial virus
D. Herpes simplex virus
A
D. Herpes simplex virus
25
Q
- A young father of two small children complained
of a rash on the torso of his body. The children
had been diagnosed with chickenpox and confined
to their home. The father had experienced
chickenpox as a child and knew he did not have
the same rash as his children. What is the most
likely cause of the father’s rash?
A. Herpes simplex 1 virus
B. Varicella-zoster virus
C. Herpes simplex 2 virus
D. Epstein–Barr virus
A
B. Varicella-zoster virus
26
Q
- The organs of a 65-year-old male were donated
soon after a fatal auto accident. Three recipients of
his corneas and kidneys died within weeks after
receiving his organs. Which of the following
viruses most likely caused the death of these
recipients?
A. HIV
B. Rabies
C. Norwalk-like
D. Rotavirus
A
B. Rabies
27
Q
- While on a 7-day cruise to Vancouver and Alaska,
a number of passengers reported to the ship’s
medical staff complaining of vomiting and
diarrhea. Which is the most likely virus to have
infected these mainly adult passengers?
A. Rotavirus
B. Parainfluenza
C. Respiratory syncytial
D. Norwalk or Norwalk-like viruses
A
D. Norwalk or Norwalk-like viruses
28
Q
- SITUATION: A patient tested positive for HIV-1
infection using a reverse transcriptase-polymerase
chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. However,
1 week later a second blood sample was collected
and sent to a reference lab that performed a
confirmatory test by Western blot. The Western
blot test was negative. What best explains these
results?
A. The samples for RT-PCR and Western blot were
not from the same patient
B. RT-PCR is more sensitive for early detection
C. The RT-PCR result was falsely positive
D. The RT-PCR test detected HIV-2 and the
Western blot is specific for HIV-1
A
B. RT-PCR is more sensitive for early detection
29
Q
- SITUATION: A pregnant women was seen by
her obstetrician with signs of flulike illness during
her second trimester. NAT tests were ordered for
Toxoplasma gondii, rubella, cytomegalovirus,
and herpes simplex 1 and 2. All test results were
negative. However, after delivery, the newborn
exhibited signs of an infection and failed to
survive. Which virus causes a 90% transplacental
infection rate when found in the mother?
A. Hepatitis A
B. Hepatitis B
C. Hepatitis D
D. Hepatitis G
A
B. Hepatitis B
30
Q
- An immunocompromised patient was admitted
to the hospital with a diagnosis of hemorrhagic
cystitis. Which combination of virus and specimen
would be most appropriate to diagnose a viral
cause of this disorder?
A. BK virus—urine
B. Human papilloma virus—skin
C. Hepatitis B virus—serum
D. Epstein–Barr virus—serum
A
A. BK virus—urine
