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***Medical Lab science review- Robert Harr 4th > Immunology- Basic Principles of Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology- Basic Principles of Immunology Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. From the following, identify a specific component
    of the adaptive immune system that is formed in
    response to antigenic stimulation:
    A. Lysozyme
    B. Complement
    C. Commensal organisms
    D. Immunoglobulin
A

D. Immunoglobulin

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2
Q
  1. Which two organs are considered the primary
    lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent
    cells originate and mature?
    A. Thyroid and Peyer’s patches
    B. Thymus and bone marrow
    C. Spleen and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
    (MALT)
    D. Lymph nodes and thoracic duct
A

B. Thymus and bone marrow

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3
Q
  1. What type of B cells are formed after antigen
    stimulation?
    A. Plasma cells and memory B cells
    B. Mature B cells
    C. Antigen-dependent B cells
    D. Receptor-activated B cells
A

A. Plasma cells and memory B cells

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4
Q
  1. T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus
    for maturation. What is the correct order of the
    maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus?
    A. Bone marrow to the cortex; after thymic
    education, released back to peripheral circulation
    B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex;
    migration to the medulla; release of mature
    T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
    C. Storage in either the cortex or medulla; release of
    T cells into the peripheral circulation
    D. Activation and selection occur in the medulla;
    mature T cells are stored in the cortex until
    activated by antigen
A

B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex;
migration to the medulla; release of mature
T cells to secondary lymphoid organs

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5
Q
  1. Which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker
    appears during the first stage of T-cell
    development and remains present as an
    identifying marker for T cells?
    A. CD1
    B. CD2
    C. CD3
    D. CD4 or CD8
A

B. CD2

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6
Q
  1. Which markers are found on mature, peripheral
    helper T cells?
    A. CD1, CD2, CD4
    B. CD2, CD3, CD8
    C. CD1, CD3, CD4
    D. CD2, CD3, CD4
A

D. CD2, CD3, CD4

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7
Q
  1. Which T cell expresses the CD8 marker and acts
    specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells?
    A. Helper T
    B. T suppressor
    C. T cytotoxic
    D. T inducer/suppressor
A

C. T cytotoxic

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8
Q
  1. How are cytotoxic T cells (TC cells) and natural
    killer (NK) cells similar?
    A. Require antibody to be present
    B. Effective against virally infected cells
    C. Recognize antigen in association with HLA class
    II markers
    D. Do not bind to infected cells
A

B. Effective against virally infected cells

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9
Q
  1. What is the name of the process by which
    phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance
    such as a bacterial peptide?
    A. Diapedesis
    B. Degranulation
    C. Chemotaxis
    D. Phagotaxis
A

C. Chemotaxis

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10
Q
  1. All of the following are immunologic functions
    of complement except:
    A. Induction of an antiviral state
    B. Opsonization
    C. Chemotaxis
    D. Anaphylatoxin formation
A

A. Induction of an antiviral state

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11
Q
  1. Which complement component is found in both
    the classic and alternative pathways?
    A. C1
    B. C4
    C. Factor D
    D. C3
A

D. C3

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12
Q
  1. Which immunoglobulin(s) help(s) initiate the
    classic complement pathway?
    A. IgA and IgD
    B. IgM only
    C. IgG and IgM
    D. IgG only
A

C. IgG and IgM

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13
Q
  1. How is complement activity destroyed in vitro?
    A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 min
    B. Keeping serum at room temperature of 22°C for
    1 hour
    C. Heating serum at 37°C for 45 min
    D. Freezing serum at 0°C for 24 hours
A

A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 min

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14
Q
  1. What is the purpose of C3a, C4a, and C5a, the
    split products of the complement cascade?
    A. To bind with specific membrane receptors of
    lymphocytes and cause release of cytotoxic
    substances
    B. To cause increased vascular permeability,
    contraction of smooth muscle, and release of
    histamine from basophils
    C. To bind with membrane receptors of
    macrophages to facilitate phagocytosis and the
    removal of debris and foreign substances
    D. To regulate and degrade membrane cofactor
    protein after activation by C3 convertase
A

B. To cause increased vascular permeability,
contraction of smooth muscle, and release of
histamine from basophils

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15
Q
  1. Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule
    can bind antigen?
    A. Fab
    B. Fc
    C. CL
    D. CH
A

A. Fab

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16
Q
  1. Which region determines whether an
    immunoglobulin molecule can fix
    complement?
    A. VH
    B. CH
    C. VL
    D. CL
A

B. CH

17
Q
  1. Which immunoglobulin class(es) has (have) a
    J chain?
    A. IgM
    B. IgE and IgD
    C. IgM and sIgA
    D. IgG3 and IgA
A

C. IgM and sIgA

18
Q
  1. Which immunoglobulin appears first in the
    primary immune response?
    A. IgG
    B. IgM
    C. IgA
    D. IgE
A

B. IgM

19
Q
  1. Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in
    the secondary response?
    A. IgG
    B. IgM
    C. IgA
    D. IgE
A

A. IgG

20
Q
  1. Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
    A. IgG
    B. IgM
    C. IgA
    D. IgE
A

A. IgG

21
Q
  1. Which immunoglobulin cross links mast cells to
    release histamine?
    A. IgG
    B. IgM
    C. IgA
    D. IgE
A

D. IgE

22
Q
  1. All of the following are functions of
    immunoglobulins except:
    A. Neutralizing toxic substances
    B. Facilitating phagocytosis through opsonization
    C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses
    D. Combining with complement to destroy cellular
    antigens
A

C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses

23
Q
  1. Which of the following cell surface molecules is
    classified as an MHC class II antigen?
    A. HLA-A
    B. HLA-B
    C. HLA-C
    D. HLA-DR
A

D. HLA-DR

24
Q
  1. Which MHC class of molecule is necessary for
    antigen recognition by CD4-positive T cells?
    A. Class I
    B. Class II
    C. Class III
    D. No MHC molecule is necessary for antigen
    recognition
A

B. Class II

25
Q
  1. Which of the following are products of HLA
    class III genes?
    A. T-cell immune receptors
    B. HLA-D antigens on immune cells
    C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and Factor B
    D. Immunoglobulin VL regions
A

C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and Factor B

26
Q
  1. What molecule on the surface of most T cells
    recognizes antigen?
    A. IgT, a four-chain molecule that includes the tau
    heavy chain
    B. MHC protein, a two-chain molecule encoded by
    the HLA region
    C. CD3, consisting of six different chains
    D. TcR, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta
A

D. TcR, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta

27
Q
  1. The T-cell antigen receptor is similar to
    immunoglobulin molecules in that it:
    A. Remains bound to the cell surface and is never
    secreted
    B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains
    C. Binds complement
    D. Can cross the placenta and provide protection to
    a fetus
A

B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains

28
Q
  1. Toll-like receptors are found on which cells?
    A. T cells
    B. Dendritic cells
    C. B cells
    D. Large granular lymphocytes
A

B. Dendritic cells

29
Q
  1. Macrophages produce which of the following
    proteins during antigen processing?
    A. IL-1 and IL-6
    B. γ-Interferon
    C. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10
    D. Complement components C1 and C3
A

A. IL-1 and IL-6

30
Q
  1. A superantigen, such as toxic shock syndrome
    toxin-1 (TSST-1), bypasses the normal antigen
    processing stage by binding to and cross linking:
    A. A portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and
    complement component C1
    B. Toll-like receptors and an MHC class 1 molecule
    C. A portion of an immunoglobulin and a portion
    of a T-cell receptor
    D. A portion of a T-cell receptor and an MHC
    class II molecule
A

D. A portion of a T-cell receptor and an MHC
class II molecule

31
Q
  1. T regulator cells, responsible for controlling
    autoimmune antibody production, express which
    of the following phenotypes?
    A. CD3, CD4, CD8
    B. CD3, CD8, CD25
    C. CD3, CD4, CD25
    D. CD8, CD25, CD56
A

C. CD3, CD4, CD25

***Medical Lab science review- Robert Harr 4th (63 decks)

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