Immunology- Basic Principles of Immunology Flashcards
1
Q
- From the following, identify a specific component
of the adaptive immune system that is formed in
response to antigenic stimulation:
A. Lysozyme
B. Complement
C. Commensal organisms
D. Immunoglobulin
A
D. Immunoglobulin
2
Q
- Which two organs are considered the primary
lymphoid organs in which immunocompetent
cells originate and mature?
A. Thyroid and Peyer’s patches
B. Thymus and bone marrow
C. Spleen and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue
(MALT)
D. Lymph nodes and thoracic duct
A
B. Thymus and bone marrow
3
Q
- What type of B cells are formed after antigen
stimulation?
A. Plasma cells and memory B cells
B. Mature B cells
C. Antigen-dependent B cells
D. Receptor-activated B cells
A
A. Plasma cells and memory B cells
4
Q
- T cells travel from the bone marrow to the thymus
for maturation. What is the correct order of the
maturation sequence for T cells in the thymus?
A. Bone marrow to the cortex; after thymic
education, released back to peripheral circulation
B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex;
migration to the medulla; release of mature
T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
C. Storage in either the cortex or medulla; release of
T cells into the peripheral circulation
D. Activation and selection occur in the medulla;
mature T cells are stored in the cortex until
activated by antigen
A
B. Maturation and selection occur in the cortex;
migration to the medulla; release of mature
T cells to secondary lymphoid organs
5
Q
- Which cluster of differentiation (CD) marker
appears during the first stage of T-cell
development and remains present as an
identifying marker for T cells?
A. CD1
B. CD2
C. CD3
D. CD4 or CD8
A
B. CD2
6
Q
- Which markers are found on mature, peripheral
helper T cells?
A. CD1, CD2, CD4
B. CD2, CD3, CD8
C. CD1, CD3, CD4
D. CD2, CD3, CD4
A
D. CD2, CD3, CD4
7
Q
- Which T cell expresses the CD8 marker and acts
specifically to kill tumors or virally infected cells?
A. Helper T
B. T suppressor
C. T cytotoxic
D. T inducer/suppressor
A
C. T cytotoxic
8
Q
- How are cytotoxic T cells (TC cells) and natural
killer (NK) cells similar?
A. Require antibody to be present
B. Effective against virally infected cells
C. Recognize antigen in association with HLA class
II markers
D. Do not bind to infected cells
A
B. Effective against virally infected cells
9
Q
- What is the name of the process by which
phagocytic cells are attracted to a substance
such as a bacterial peptide?
A. Diapedesis
B. Degranulation
C. Chemotaxis
D. Phagotaxis
A
C. Chemotaxis
10
Q
- All of the following are immunologic functions
of complement except:
A. Induction of an antiviral state
B. Opsonization
C. Chemotaxis
D. Anaphylatoxin formation
A
A. Induction of an antiviral state
11
Q
- Which complement component is found in both
the classic and alternative pathways?
A. C1
B. C4
C. Factor D
D. C3
A
D. C3
12
Q
- Which immunoglobulin(s) help(s) initiate the
classic complement pathway?
A. IgA and IgD
B. IgM only
C. IgG and IgM
D. IgG only
A
C. IgG and IgM
13
Q
- How is complement activity destroyed in vitro?
A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 min
B. Keeping serum at room temperature of 22°C for
1 hour
C. Heating serum at 37°C for 45 min
D. Freezing serum at 0°C for 24 hours
A
A. Heating serum at 56°C for 30 min
14
Q
- What is the purpose of C3a, C4a, and C5a, the
split products of the complement cascade?
A. To bind with specific membrane receptors of
lymphocytes and cause release of cytotoxic
substances
B. To cause increased vascular permeability,
contraction of smooth muscle, and release of
histamine from basophils
C. To bind with membrane receptors of
macrophages to facilitate phagocytosis and the
removal of debris and foreign substances
D. To regulate and degrade membrane cofactor
protein after activation by C3 convertase
A
B. To cause increased vascular permeability,
contraction of smooth muscle, and release of
histamine from basophils
15
Q
- Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule
can bind antigen?
A. Fab
B. Fc
C. CL
D. CH
A
A. Fab
16
Q
- Which region determines whether an
immunoglobulin molecule can fix
complement?
A. VH
B. CH
C. VL
D. CL
A
B. CH
17
Q
- Which immunoglobulin class(es) has (have) a
J chain?
A. IgM
B. IgE and IgD
C. IgM and sIgA
D. IgG3 and IgA
A
C. IgM and sIgA
18
Q
- Which immunoglobulin appears first in the
primary immune response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
A
B. IgM
19
Q
- Which immunoglobulin appears in highest titer in
the secondary response?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
A
A. IgG
20
Q
- Which immunoglobulin can cross the placenta?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
A
A. IgG
21
Q
- Which immunoglobulin cross links mast cells to
release histamine?
A. IgG
B. IgM
C. IgA
D. IgE
A
D. IgE
22
Q
- All of the following are functions of
immunoglobulins except:
A. Neutralizing toxic substances
B. Facilitating phagocytosis through opsonization
C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses
D. Combining with complement to destroy cellular
antigens
A
C. Interacting with TC cells to lyse viruses
23
Q
- Which of the following cell surface molecules is
classified as an MHC class II antigen?
A. HLA-A
B. HLA-B
C. HLA-C
D. HLA-DR
A
D. HLA-DR
24
Q
- Which MHC class of molecule is necessary for
antigen recognition by CD4-positive T cells?
A. Class I
B. Class II
C. Class III
D. No MHC molecule is necessary for antigen
recognition
A
B. Class II
25
Q
- Which of the following are products of HLA
class III genes?
A. T-cell immune receptors
B. HLA-D antigens on immune cells
C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and Factor B
D. Immunoglobulin VL regions
A
C. Complement proteins C2, C4, and Factor B
26
Q
- What molecule on the surface of most T cells
recognizes antigen?
A. IgT, a four-chain molecule that includes the tau
heavy chain
B. MHC protein, a two-chain molecule encoded by
the HLA region
C. CD3, consisting of six different chains
D. TcR, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta
A
D. TcR, consisting of two chains, alpha and beta
27
Q
- The T-cell antigen receptor is similar to
immunoglobulin molecules in that it:
A. Remains bound to the cell surface and is never
secreted
B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains
C. Binds complement
D. Can cross the placenta and provide protection to
a fetus
A
B. Contains V and C regions on each of its chains
28
Q
- Toll-like receptors are found on which cells?
A. T cells
B. Dendritic cells
C. B cells
D. Large granular lymphocytes
A
B. Dendritic cells
29
Q
- Macrophages produce which of the following
proteins during antigen processing?
A. IL-1 and IL-6
B. γ-Interferon
C. IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10
D. Complement components C1 and C3
A
A. IL-1 and IL-6
30
Q
- A superantigen, such as toxic shock syndrome
toxin-1 (TSST-1), bypasses the normal antigen
processing stage by binding to and cross linking:
A. A portion of an immunoglobulin molecule and
complement component C1
B. Toll-like receptors and an MHC class 1 molecule
C. A portion of an immunoglobulin and a portion
of a T-cell receptor
D. A portion of a T-cell receptor and an MHC
class II molecule
A
D. A portion of a T-cell receptor and an MHC
class II molecule
31
Q
- T regulator cells, responsible for controlling
autoimmune antibody production, express which
of the following phenotypes?
A. CD3, CD4, CD8
B. CD3, CD8, CD25
C. CD3, CD4, CD25
D. CD8, CD25, CD56
A
C. CD3, CD4, CD25
