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***Medical Lab science review- Robert Harr 4th > Clinical Chemistry- Tumor Markers > Flashcards

Clinical Chemistry- Tumor Markers Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q
  1. Which of the following tumor markers is classified
    as a tumor suppressor gene?
    A. BRCA-1
    B. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
    C. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
    D. Nuclear matrix protein
A

A. BRCA-1

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2
Q
  1. In general, in which of the following situations is
    the analysis of a tumor marker most useful?
    A. Testing for recurrence
    B. Prognosis
    C. Screening
    D. Diagnosis
A

A. Testing for recurrence

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3
Q
  1. Which of the following enzymes is increased in
    persons with prostate and small-cell lung cancer?
    A. Creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)
    B. Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT)
    C. Amylase
    D. Lactate dehydrogenase
A

A. Creatine kinase-1 (CK-1)

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4
Q
  1. Which of the following is the best analyte to
    monitor for recurrence of ovarian cancer?
    A. CA-15-3
    B. CA-19-9
    C. CA-125
    D. CEA
A

C. CA-125

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5
Q
  1. Which tumor marker is associated with cancer of
    the urinary bladder?
    A. CA-19-9
    B. CA-72-4
    C. Nuclear matrix protein
    D. Cathepsin-D
A

C. Nuclear matrix protein

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6
Q
  1. A person presents with a cushingoid appearance
    and an elevated 24-hour urinary cortisol level. The
    plasma adrenocotropic hormone (ACTH) is very
    elevated, and the physician suspects the cause is
    ectopic ACTH production. Which test would be
    most useful in substantiating this diagnosis?
    A. Plasma cortisol
    B. CA-50
    C. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes
    D. AFP
A

C. Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes

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7
Q
  1. Which of the following tumor markers is used to
    monitor persons with breast cancer for recurrence
    of disease?
    A. Cathepsin-D
    B. CA-15-3
    C. Retinoblastoma gene
    D. Estrogen receptor (ER
A

B. CA-15-3

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8
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding the
    Philadelphia chromosome is true?
    A. It is seen exclusively in chronic myelogenous
    leukemia
    B. It results from a translocation
    C. It appears as a short-arm deletion of
    chromosome 21
    D. It is associated with a poor prognosis
A

B. It results from a translocation

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9
Q
  1. What is the primary clinical utility of measuring
    CEA?
    A. Diagnosis of liver cancer
    B. Diagnosis of colorectal cancer
    C. Screening for cancers of endodermal origin
    D. Monitoring for recurrence of cancer
A

D. Monitoring for recurrence of cancer

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10
Q
  1. Which tumor marker is used to determine the
    usefulness of trastuzumab (Herceptin) therapy for
    breast cancer?
    A. PR
    B. CEA
    C. HER-2/neu
    D. Myc
A

C. HER-2/neu

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11
Q
  1. A person is suspected of having testicular cancer.
    Which type of hCG test would be most useful?
    A. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG only
    B. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and
    the β-hCG subunit
    C. Plasma immunoassay for the free alpha
    and β-hCG subunits
    D. Urine assay for hCG β core
A

B. Plasma immunoassay for intact hCG and
the β-hCG subunit

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12
Q
  1. A patient treated for a germ cell tumor has a total
    and free β-hCG assay performed prior to surgery.
    The result is 40,000 mIU/mL. One week
    following surgery, the hCG is 5,000 mIU/mL.
    Chemotherapy is started, and the hCG is
    measured 1 week later and found to be
    10,000 mIU/mL. What does this indicate?
    A. Recurrence of the tumor
    B. Falsely increased hCG owing to drug
    interference with the assay
    C. Analytical error with the test reported as
    5,000 mIU/mL
    D. Transient hCG increase caused by chemotherapy
A

D. Transient hCG increase caused by chemotherapy

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13
Q
  1. Which set of results for ER and PR is associated
    with the highest likelihood of a favorable response
    to treatment with estrogen-suppression therapy
    (tamoxifen)?
    A. ER positive, PR positive
    B. ER positive, PR negative
    C. ER negative, PR positive
    D. ER negative, PR negative
A

A. ER positive, PR positive

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14
Q
  1. Which type of cancer is associated with the highest
    level of AFP?
    A. Hepatoma
    B. Ovarian cancer
    C. Testicular cancer
    D. Breast cancer
A

A. Hepatoma

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15
Q
  1. Which of the following assays is recommended as
    a screening test for colorectal cancer in persons
    over 50 years old?
    A. CEA
    B. AFP
    C. Occult blood
    D. Fecal trypsin
A

C. Occult blood

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following assays is used to determine
    the risk of developing cancer?
    A. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R)
    B. Squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC)
    C. c-erb B-2 gene expression
    D. p53 gene mutation
A

D. p53 gene mutation

17
Q
  1. A person has an elevated 24-hour urinary
    homovanillic acid (HVA) and vanillymandelic
    acid (VMA). Urinary metanephrines,
    chromogranin A, and neuron-specific enolase
    are also elevated but 5-hydroxyindoleacetic
    acid is within the reference range. What is
    the most likely diagnosis?
    A. Carcinoid tumors of the intestine
    B. Pheochromocytoma
    C. Neuroblastoma
    D. Pancreatic cancer
A

C. Neuroblastoma

18
Q
  1. In which of the following conditions is PSA least
    likely to be increased?
    A. Precancerous lesions of the prostate
    B. Postprostate biopsy
    C. Benign prostatic hypertrophy
    D. Post–digital rectal examination
A

D. Post–digital rectal examination

19
Q
  1. Which of the following statements regarding PSA
    is true?
    A. Complexed PSA in plasma is normally less than
    free PSA
    B. Free PSA below 25% is associated with
    malignant disease
    C. A total PSA below 4 ng/mL rules out malignant
    disease
    D. A total PSA above 10 ng/mL is diagnostic of
    malignant disease
A

B. Free PSA below 25% is associated with
malignant disease

20
Q
  1. A 55-year-old male with early stage prostate
    cancer diagnosed by biopsy had his prostate gland
    removed (simple prostatectomy). His PSA prior
    to surgery was 10.0 ng/mL. If the surgery was
    successful in completely removing the tumor cells,
    what would the PSA result be 1 month after
    surgery?
    A. Undetectable
    B. 1–3 ng/mL
    C. Less than 4 ng/mL
    D. Less than 10 ng/mL
A

A. Undetectable

***Medical Lab science review- Robert Harr 4th (63 decks)

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