Education and Management Flashcards
1
Q
- A comparison of methods for the determination
of alkaline phosphatase is categorized in which
domain of educational objectives?
A. Affective
B. Psychomotor
C. Cognitive
D. Behavioral
A
C. Cognitive
2
Q
- Attitude, judgment, and interest refer to which
domain of educational objectives?
A. Cognitive
B. Affective
C. Psychomotor
D. Competency
A
B. Affective
3
Q
- Criterion-referenced examinations are used in
order to determine the:
A. Competency of a student according to a
predetermined standard
B. Validity of a test
C. Status of one student compared to the whole
group
D. Accuracy of a test
A
A. Competency of a student according to a predetermined standard
4
Q
- An instructor “curved” a blood bank exam given
to medical laboratory science students. The
highest grade was an 85% and the lowest grade
was a 60%. What type of test is this?
A. Subjective
B. Objective
C. Norm referenced
D. Criterion referenced
A
C. Norm referenced
5
Q
- A stated competency requirement for a medical
laboratory science student is to perform
calibration, plot data, and evaluate the
acceptability of controls. This competency
requirement encompasses which educational
objective?
A. Cognitive
B. Psychomotor
C. Affective
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
6
Q
- A chemistry test result from a chemotherapy
patient was within normal limits on Tuesday.
The same test was reported as abnormal on
Monday (“flagged” high and approaching a
critical value). The technologist performing the
test noted a delta-check error and remembered
that both controls ran much higher on Monday
although they were within acceptable limits.
The technologist’s decision to follow-up this
discrepancy before reporting the results is an
example of which domain of behavioral
objectives?
A. Cognitive
B. Affective
C. Psychomotor
D. Organizational
A
B. Affective
7
Q
- In general, academic evaluation of students
depends on the ability of the instructor to create a
test that reflects the stated objectives of the course
material as well as making the test:
A. Reliable and valid
B. Normally distributed and practical
C. Fair and short
D. Written and oral
A
A. Reliable and valid
8
Q
- When dealing with the instruction of complex
instrumentation, a demonstration by the
instructor is necessary and should include the
following:
A. Detailed diagrams of the electrical system
B. A blueprint of the optical system
C. A step-by-step narrative with comparisons to a
manual method
D. A quiz as soon as the demonstration is complete
A
C. A step-by-step narrative with comparisons to a
manual method
9
Q
- One method of learning is by giving a small group
of students a topic to discuss or a problem to solve
rather than a formal lecture by the instructor.
Each participant is given a portion of the topic
to discuss or solve. This method of learning is
popular and used easily with which of the
following approaches?
A. Case study
B. Manual demonstration
C. Implementing new equipment
D. Histogram evaluation
A
A. Case study
10
Q
- An instructor of medical laboratory science was
given the task of expanding the curriculum for the
senior (baccalaureate degree) medical laboratory
science students. Which of the following subjects
should be included in the curriculum?
A. Cytology—cytogenetics
B. Histology—special stains
C. Computer (laboratory information
systems [LIS])
D. Economics—budget analysis
A
C. Computer (laboratory information
systems [LIS])
11
Q
- McGregor’s X–Y theory advocates managing
employees by stressing:
A. Equal pay for equal work
B. A pyramid of attainable goals for satisfaction
at work
C. Respect for the worker and acknowledgment of
his/her ability to perform a task
D. Collective bargaining
A
C. Respect for the worker and acknowledgment of
his/her ability to perform a task
12
Q
- Maslow’s theory of management is based upon:
A. The premise that all workers are unmotivated
B. A pyramid of goals for the satisfaction of
employee needs
C. Use of detractors and perks to keep employees
happy
D. The professional development of the employee
A
B. A pyramid of goals for the satisfaction of
employee needs
13
Q
- Herzberg’s theory relies on motivators that are
part of the job design in order to instill job
satisfaction. These same motivators can become
dissatisfiers if they are lacking in a job. Herzberg’s
motivators are:
A. Opportunity for achievement and advancement
B. Performance evaluations every 24 months
C. Continuing education sessions requiring
supervisory approval
D. Punitive actions taken when improvement
diminishes
A
A. Opportunity for achievement and advancement
14
Q
- Management by objective (MBO) is least effective
for managing employees in which situation?
A. Employees must be creative in their work
B. The laboratory is converting to a new computer
system
C. The laboratory is undergoing a renovation
D. Employees jointly agree to institutional goals
A
A. Employees must be creative in their work
15
Q
- The four essential functions of a manager are:
A. Staffing, decision making, cost analysis, evaluating
B. Directing, leading, forecasting, implementing
C. Planning, organizing, directing, controlling
D. Innovating, designing, coordinating, problem
solving
A
C. Planning, organizing, directing, controlling
16
Q
- Which of the following questions is allowable
during a pre-employment interview?
A. How many times have you been pregnant?
B. Have you been convicted of any felonies?
C. Does your husband belong to any religious
societies?
D. Are you planning to use the hospital day care
center?
A
B. Have you been convicted of any felonies?
17
Q
- Direct laboratory costs for tests include which
of the following?
A. Equipment maintenance
B. Insurance
C. Depreciation
D. Overtime pay
A
D. Overtime pay
18
Q
- Which of the following accounts for the largest
portion of the direct cost of a laboratory test?
A. Reagents
B. General supplies
C. Technologist labor
D. Instrument depreciation
A
C. Technologist labor
19
Q
- Using the surcharge/cost-plus method for
determining test charges, determine the charge
for an ova and parasite examination on fecal
specimens, given the following information:
Collection, handling, clerical, and so forth = $2.00
Reference lab charge to lab = $20.00
Lab “markup” = 100%
A. $22.00
B. $32.00
C. $42.00
D. $122.00
A
C. $42.00
20
Q
- In deciding whether to adopt a new test on the
laboratory’s automated chemistry analyzer, which
parameters are needed to determine the number of
tests that must be performed to break even?
A. Test turnaround time
B. Cost of labor per hour
C. Number of other tests performed per month
D. Total fixed laboratory costs
A
D. Total fixed laboratory costs
21
Q
- Which statement best represents the relationship
between test volume and revenue or costs for
batch-run tests?
A. As volume increases, the fixed cost per test also
increases
B. As volume increases, the revenue also increases
C. Revenue is approximately equal for both
high- and low-volume tests
D. 90% of the revenue is generated by 5% of the
tests offered
A
B. As volume increases, the revenue also increases
22
Q
- A hospital submits a bill for $200.00 to the patient’s
insurance company for the cost of outpatient
laboratory tests. The laboratory services rendered
by the hospital are paid according to an agreed fee
schedule. The specific laboratory procedures are
billed according to which system of coding?
A. Diagnosis-related group (DRG)
B. Current procedural terminology (CPT)
C. Medicare
D. Medicaid
A
B. Current procedural terminology (CPT)
23
Q
- A hospital has a contract with a major medical
insurer that reimburses the laboratory at a rate
of $1.00 per insured life per year. This type of
reimbursement is called:
A. A prospective payment system
B. A preferred provider discount
C. Capitation
D. Diagnosis-related group
A
C. Capitation
24
Q
- According to federal and state regulations, a
hospital’s capital budget should include which
of the following before projects that cost $150,000
can be submitted for approval?
A. A time table of completion
B. A cost analysis
C. Salaries and wages for new employees
D. A certificate of need
A
D. A certificate of need
25
Q
- A rural hospital laboratory employs 8.25 FTEs
(full-time equivalents). In order to budget for next
year’s salaries for these employees, the laboratory
manager needs to submit which figures for the
laboratory’s projected annual budget?
A. Total (paid) hours
B. Productive (worked) hours
C. Total hours of full-time employees
D. Total hours of part-time employees
A
A. Total (paid) hours
26
Q
- A chemistry profile that includes electrolytes,
glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and
creatinine is ordered on an 80-year-old woman
with symptoms of vomiting and dizziness. How
should the laboratory submit the charge for these
tests for reimbursement by Medicare?
A. Submit as one test
B. Submit each test separately
C. Submit Medicare-approved tests only
D. Submit as four individual tests
A
A. Submit as one test
27
Q
- According to the Clinical Laboratory Improvement
Act of 1988 (CLIA ’88), control of laboratory test
reliability is accomplished by all of the following
requirements except:
A. Documentation of quality control results and
corrective actions
B. Participation in proficiency testing for all
nonwaivered tests
C. Professional certification of all testing personnel
D. Demonstration that all quantitative tests meet
manufacturer’s performance specifications
A
C. Professional certification of all testing personnel
28
Q
- CLIA ’88 specifies that the minimum
requirements for proficiency testing (PT) of
analytes for which PT is required (excluding
cytology) are:
A. One challenge per analyte and one testing event
per year
B. Ten challenges per analyte and five testing events
per year
C. Five challenges per analyte and at least three
testing events per year
D. Twelve challenges per analyte and one testing
event per month
A
C. Five challenges per analyte and at least three
testing events per year
29
Q
- According to CLIA ’88, satisfactory performance
for ABO, Rh, and compatibility tests requires a
score of:
A. 100%
B. 90%
C. 80%
D. 75%
A
A. 100%
30
Q
- In order to comply with CLIA ’88, calibration
materials must:
A. Be purchased by an authorized agency such as
the College of Pathology
B. Have concentration values that cover the
laboratory’s reportable range
C. Be traceable to the National Calibration Board
D. Be identical in concentration to those sold by
the reagent manufacturer
A
B. Have concentration values that cover the
laboratory’s reportable range
31
Q
- According to CLIA ’88, calibration materials
should be appropriate for the methodology
and be:
A. Of bovine origin
B. Three times the normal range for the specific
analyte
C. Traceable to a reference method and reference
material of known value
D. Twice the laboratory’s reference range for the
analyte
A
C. Traceable to a reference method and reference
material of known value
32
Q
- Under CLIA ’88, testing personnel with an
associate degree and appropriate training in the
clinical laboratory are authorized to perform:
A. Waived tests only
B. Tests that are qualitative or waived and some
moderate-complexity tests
C. Waived and moderate-complexity tests
D. Waived, moderate-complexity, and highcomplexity tests
A
D. Waived, moderate-complexity, and high complexity tests
33
Q
- Sexual harassment is a form of discrimination
and therefore is prohibited by the:
A. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)
C. Right to Privacy Act of 1974
D. Department of Health and Human Services
A
B. Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Title VII)
34
Q
- Which order of events should be followed at the
conclusion of a laboratory worker’s shift in order
to prevent the spread of bloodborne pathogens?
A. Remove gloves, disinfect area, wash hands,
remove lab coat
B. Disinfect area, remove gloves, remove lab coat,
wash hands
C. Disinfect area, remove gloves, wash hands,
remove lab coat
D. Remove gloves, wash hands, remove lab coat,
disinfect area
A
B. Disinfect area, remove gloves, remove lab coat,
wash hands
35
Q
- Records of a patient’s laboratory test results may
not be released without his or her consent to
anyone outside the clinical laboratory except to the:
A. American Red Cross
B. Department of Health and Human Services
C. Insurance carrier
D. Physician who ordered the tests
A
D. Physician who ordered the tests
36
Q
- Unethical behavior by a laboratory supervisor
that results in a compromise of employee safety
should be:
A. Reported to a higher authority
B. Directly confronted
C. Reported to the EEOC
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
37
Q
- The most common deficiency cited during an
onsite laboratory inspection by the College of
American Pathologists (CAP) and the Joint
Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare
Organizations (JCAHO) is:
A. Improper documentation
B. Insufficient work space area
C. Improper reagent storage
D. Improper instrument calibration frequency
A
A. Improper documentation
38
Q
- Which of the following circumstances is
considered a form of sexual harassment?
A. Unwelcome sexual advances by a supervisor
B. Requests for favors of a sexual nature from a
fellow laboratory employee
C. Physical conduct of a sexual nature from an
employee working in another department
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
39
Q
- The material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for
hazardous chemicals address which of the
following conditions?
A. Physical characteristics of the chemical
B. Safe handling and storage of the chemical
C. Specific health hazards associated with the
chemical
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
40
Q
- A new employee’s performance is to be evaluated
at the end of his or her probationary period, and
must relate to:
A. The person’s job description
B. Verbal instructions given
C. Wage and salary policies
D. Recruitment practices
A
A. The person’s job description
41
Q
- Which regulatory agency mandates the following
requirements for protection of employees of
clinical laboratories?
* Provide personal protective equipment (PPE)
* Require hepatitis B vaccinations at no cost
* Require specific biohazard materials labeling
* Provide training and updating yearly of safety
standards
A. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
B. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
C. American Association of Blood Banks (AABB)
D. American Society of Clinical Pathologists
(ASCP)
A
B. Occupational Safety and Health Administration
(OSHA)
42
Q
- The Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988
(CLIA ’88) was enacted to regulate the following:
A. All clinical laboratories in the United States
B. Independent labs not regulated by OSHA
C. Environmental Protection Agency laboratories
D. Industrial laboratories
A
A. All clinical laboratories in the United States
43
Q
- Records of a patient’s laboratory test results may
be released without the prior consent of the patient
to all of the following except:
A. An insurance carrier
B. Physician on call
C. Nursing staff
D. An employer
A
D. An employer
44
Q
- The following is (are) successful indicator(s) of
Quality Assurance (QA) and Quality Improvement
(QI) programs in a clinical laboratory:
A. A “log” of incident report and solutions attained
B. Emergency department and STAT “turnaround
times”
C. Positive patient identification wristbands for
blood bank operations
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
45
Q
- Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) is a team
effort approach for clinical laboratories to:
A. Identify potential problems and correct them
B. Set lab financial benchmarks for the year
C. Make up new CPT codes
D. Improve overall wages for lab employees
A
A. Identify potential problems and correct them
46
Q
- Which of the following is not an appropriate
guideline for phlebotomists to follow in order to
prevent a malpractice lawsuit?
A. Use one form of patient ID, such as a last name
B. Keep patient confidentiality at all times
C. Use aseptic venipuncture technique at all times
D. Label specimens only after the blood has been
drawn
A
A. Use one form of patient ID, such as a last name
47
Q
- According to CLIA ’88, testing personnel
performing high-complexity laboratory tests must
have at least a:
A. Bachelor of Arts degree
B. Bachelor of Science degree in medical laboratory
science (MLS)
C. Associate degree in medical laboratory
science (MLT)
D. High school diploma
A
C. Associate degree in medical laboratory
science (MLT)
48
Q
- During an interview, an employer may request the
following from a prospective new employee:
A. Marital status
B. Age of children
C. Arrest record for driving under the influence
of alcohol
D. Professional certification
A
D. Professional certification
49
Q
- A new laboratory information system (LIS) will be
evaluated by the laboratory staff. Which of the
following points should be considered in the
evaluation?
A. Cost of updating software
B. Interface ability with existing laboratory
instruments
C. Tracking of uncrossmatched blood units in
Blood Bank
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
50
Q
- Point-of-care testing (POCT) refers to:
A. All testing done to the patient to save time
B. All lab testing done in the central lab
C. Any clinical lab testing done at the patient’s
bedside
D. Satellite lab testing
A
C. Any clinical lab testing done at the patient’s
bedside
51
Q
- “Six sigma” is a method used in industry and
business as well as the clinical laboratory in
order to:
A. Allow for improved performance
B. Prevent and remove defects in production
C. Improve customer satisfaction
D. All of these options
A
D. All of these options
52
Q
- The Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for
hazardous materials must be reviewed by
personnel per Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) regulations:
A. Weekly
B. Monthly
C. Every 6 months
D. Yearly
A
D. Yearly
53
Q
- SITUATION: A medical laboratory science student
in training accidentally splashed a few drops of an
extraction reagent from an enzyme immunoassay
kit for group A Streptococcus into her right eye,
and felt an immediate burning sensation. What
should she do first?
A. Locate the MSDS sheet for the EIA test kit
B. Go directly to the emergency department for
treatment
C. Go to the eye-wash station and rinse the eye
thoroughly with water
D. Report directly to her immediate supervisor
A
C. Go to the eye-wash station and rinse the eye
thoroughly with water
54
Q
- A laboratory information system (LIS) uses an
algorithm based on the delta check process to
identify erroneous results. This process is a part
of which LIS function?
A. Quality control management
B. Real-time instrument interfacing
C. Autoverification of test results
D. Electronic crossmatching
A
C. Autoverification of test results
55
Q
- According to CLIA ’88, when performing and
documenting linearity, the following samples are
required:
A. A single calibrator and a zero set point
B. One normal and one abnormal level
C. Three levels of known concentration and a
zero level
D. A high and low control material
A
C. Three levels of known concentration and a
zero level
56
Q
- Which of the following would not be appropriate
for point-of-care testing?
A. Cardiac markers
B. Thyroid stimulating hormone
C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
D. Blood gases
A
B. Thyroid stimulating hormone
57
Q
- SITUATION: A shipment from a laboratory
supply company arrived over the weekend. The
shipment consisted of glass slides, latex gloves,
and plastic test tubes—all nonperishable items.
It was left on the outside loading dock overnight.
Are these supplies useable for patient care/testing?
A. Yes, with no further quality assurance testing
required
B. Yes, but only after quality analysis is performed
to ensure they were not affected adversely
C. No, the latex gloves might be contaminated, but
the slides and test tubes may be used
D. No, all supplies left outside for 24 hours
unattended must be discarded
A
B. Yes, but only after quality analysis is performed
to ensure they were not affected adversely
58
Q
- SITUATION: An immunology supervisor ordered
several antinuclear antibody and influenza A kits.
The outside packaging of both kits was marked to
store at 2°C–8°C. The kits were shipped with dry
ice, but were unpacked at 7:00 p.m. and left in
the mailroom at room temperature until 7:00 a.m.
the next morning. What should be done with
the kits?
A. They can be placed into inventory
B. They must be tested using quality controls before
use and used only if QC performance is
acceptable
C. The kits should not be used for clinical testing
D. The disposition of the kits depends on the
manufacturer’s documentation for stability and
the lab’s lot-to-lot analysis
A
D. The disposition of the kits depends on the
manufacturer’s documentation for stability and
the lab’s lot-to-lot analysis
59
Q
- SITUATION: Your immediate supervisor requests
that you back date and complete the QC log for
RPR test controls that were supposed to have been
performed the previous day. You did not work that
day, and suspect that the technologist who did
work that day failed to enter the QC results. Such
an ethical dilemma falls under which behavioral
domain?
A. Cognitive
B. Psychomotor
C. Affective
D. None of these options
A
C. Affective
60
Q
- What documents are needed to meet the
ISO-9000 standards for laboratory certification?
A. Quality manual, document control, internal
audits, corrective and preventive actions
B. Work performance evaluation, maintenance,
budgeting
C. Inventory, quality control, customer satisfaction
D. Risk prevention, quality control, personnel
A
A. Quality manual, document control, internal
audits, corrective and preventive actions
61
Q
- In the field of clinical laboratory testing and in
vitro diagnostic test systems, ISO/TC 212 is the
document used for standardization and guidance
in all of the following areas except:
A. Quality management and quality assurance
B. Scheduling, yearly evaluations, and workloads
C. Pre- and postanalytical procedures
D. Laboratory safety and reference systems
A
B. Scheduling, yearly evaluations, and workloads
62
Q
- SITUATION: In the course of isolation,
B. anthracis is recovered that may be implicated
in an act of bioterrorism. Such an organism
would fall under which Centers for Disease
Control category of biological agent?
A. Category A
B. Category B
C. Category C
D. None of these options
A
A. Category A
63
Q
- SITUATION: A patient refuses to have his blood
drawn for a routine laboratory test request made
by his physician. What is the most appropriate
course of action?
A. Perform the venipuncture against the patient’s will
B. Do not attempt the venipuncture and file an
incident report with the laboratory manager
C. Request that the patient be sedated, then collect
the sample
D. Request assistance from the legal department
A
B. Do not attempt the venipuncture and file an
incident report with the laboratory manager
64
Q
- Which of the following accurately describes the
steps involved in a LEAN process?
A. Lower cost, efficient flow, added value, net result
B. Customer value, value stream map, flow, pull,
improved outcome
C. Satisfaction, cost savings, turnaround time
D. Efficiency study, modeling, construct,
step-by-step process
A
B. Customer value, value stream map, flow, pull,
improved outcome
65
Q
- SITUATION: A lab wishes to evaluate its specimen
processing operations to improve test turnaround
time for cardiac markers using a LEAN process.
To accomplish this, the lab manager measures the
time it takes for specimens to be collected and
transported to the lab, entered into the LIS and
instrument data link, centrifuged, and placed on
the automated track. This process is called:
A. Establishing pull
B. Creating a flow diagram
C. Mapping the value stream
D. Process analysis
A
C. Mapping the value stream
