toxicology and antidotes Flashcards

1
Q

topical exposure

A

remove contaminated clothing wash skin with soap and water for 10 mins

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2
Q

ocular exposure

A

remove contact lenses and rinse eye for 15 mins

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3
Q

for oral

A

drink small amount of water or milk

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4
Q

for inhaled exposure

A

move to fresh air

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5
Q

for button battery ingestion

A

2 teaspoon of honey or sucralfate

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6
Q

is ipeac syrup recommended for enducing emesis

A

NOPE

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7
Q

what is CABs

A

circulation airway breathing

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8
Q

what is the dose for activated charcoal

A

1g/kg

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9
Q

when is charcoal used

A

within 1 hour of ingestion
airway should be protected

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10
Q

when is activated charcoal contrarindicated

A

unconscious
cannot clear throat
cannot hold head upright
intestinal obstruction

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11
Q

acetaminophen

A

NAPQI
antidote NAC- n acetylcystine

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12
Q

phases in tylenol toxicities

A

phase 1- asymptomatic
phase 2- 24 to 48 hours elevated AST/ALT
phase 3 48-96 hepatic failure
phase 4 >96 hours recovers or recives transplant

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13
Q

NAC dose

A

17 times oral
3 times IV

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14
Q

opiod overdose

A

antidote- naloxone

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15
Q

anticholinergics

A

supportive care, tx with physostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase

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16
Q

anticoag apixaban and rivaroxaban

A

andexanet alfa or andexxa

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17
Q

antipsychotics

A

supportive care, benztropine for dystonias and bicarb for QRS widening

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18
Q

benzoos

A

flumazenil can cause seizures, when used in patients chronically

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19
Q

betablockers

20
Q

CCBs

A

calcium IV

21
Q

cyanide

A

hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit)

22
Q

digoxin

A

Digoxin immune fab (Digifab)

23
Q

Ethanol alcohol

A

thaimine Vitamin B1 to prevent wernickes encephalopathy
can cause increase in anion gap

24
Q

heavy metals 5FU

A

Dimercaprol or succimer for arsenic gold or mercury
penicilliamine = copper

25
hydrocarbons
do not induce vomitting
26
insulin or other hypoglycemics
dextrose injection glucagon
27
isoniazid
pyridoxine
28
iron and aluminum
deferoxamine
29
organophosphates
antichoinesterase like atropine for paralysis - pralidoxime or combined
30
mtx
leucovirin levoleucovorin which a folate
31
neostigmine
pralidoxime
32
Nicotine
abdominal pain, nausea atropine,benzos
33
salicylates Bengay
sodium bi carb decrease drug reabsorption and increase excretion
34
stimulants
benzos
35
toxic alcohols
fomepizole
36
TCAs
sodium bi carbs vasopressors for hypotenstion
37
valporic acid or topiramate induced hyperammonemia
levocarnitine (carnitor)
38
what is the rumack Matthew nomogram used for
NAPQI
39
animal bites
rabies vaccine
40
black widow spider
antiven
41
scorpion stings
antivenin
42
MOA of NAC
NAPq conversion to nontoxic metabolite acting as a glutathione precursor
43
how to treat widening of QRS
sodium bi carb
44
heparin OD
protamine
45
dabigatran
idarucizumab (paxxbind)
46
isoniazid
pyridixone vit b6
47
anticcholinergic effects
flushing dry skin blurry vision tachy cardia constipation urinary retention