toxicology and antidotes

Question 1

topical exposure

Answer 1

remove contaminated clothing wash skin with soap and water for 10 mins

Question 2

ocular exposure

Answer 2

remove contact lenses and rinse eye for 15 mins

Question 3

for oral

Answer 3

drink small amount of water or milk

Question 4

for inhaled exposure

Answer 4

move to fresh air

Question 5

for button battery ingestion

Answer 5

2 teaspoon of honey or sucralfate

Question 6

is ipeac syrup recommended for enducing emesis

Answer 6

NOPE

Question 7

what is CABs

Answer 7

circulation airway breathing

Question 8

what is the dose for activated charcoal

Answer 8

1g/kg

Question 9

when is charcoal used

Answer 9

within 1 hour of ingestion
airway should be protected

Question 10

when is activated charcoal contrarindicated

Answer 10

unconscious
cannot clear throat
cannot hold head upright
intestinal obstruction

Question 11

acetaminophen

Answer 11

NAPQI
antidote NAC- n acetylcystine

Question 12

phases in tylenol toxicities

Answer 12

phase 1- asymptomatic
phase 2- 24 to 48 hours elevated AST/ALT
phase 3 48-96 hepatic failure
phase 4 >96 hours recovers or recives transplant

Question 13

NAC dose

Answer 13

17 times oral
3 times IV

Question 14

opiod overdose

Answer 14

antidote- naloxone

Question 15

anticholinergics

Answer 15

supportive care, tx with physostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase

Question 16

anticoag apixaban and rivaroxaban

Answer 16

andexanet alfa or andexxa

Question 17

antipsychotics

Answer 17

supportive care, benztropine for dystonias and bicarb for QRS widening

Question 18

benzoos

Answer 18

flumazenil can cause seizures, when used in patients chronically

Question 19

betablockers

Answer 19

glucagon

Question 20

CCBs

Answer 20

calcium IV

Question 21

cyanide

Answer 21

hydroxocobalamin (cyanokit)

Question 22

digoxin

Answer 22

Digoxin immune fab (Digifab)

Question 23

Ethanol alcohol

Answer 23

thaimine Vitamin B1 to prevent wernickes encephalopathy
can cause increase in anion gap

Question 24

heavy metals 5FU

Answer 24

Dimercaprol or succimer for arsenic gold or mercury
penicilliamine = copper

Question 25

hydrocarbons

Answer 25

do not induce vomitting

Question 26

insulin or other hypoglycemics

Answer 26

dextrose injection
glucagon

Question 27

isoniazid

Answer 27

pyridoxine

Question 28

iron and aluminum

Answer 28

deferoxamine

Question 29

organophosphates

Answer 29

antichoinesterase like atropine
for paralysis - pralidoxime
or combined

Question 30

mtx

Answer 30

leucovirin levoleucovorin
which a folate

Question 31

neostigmine

Answer 31

pralidoxime

Question 32

Nicotine

Answer 32

abdominal pain, nausea
atropine,benzos

Question 33

salicylates Bengay

Answer 33

sodium bi carb decrease drug reabsorption and increase excretion

Question 34

stimulants

Answer 34

benzos

Question 35

toxic alcohols

Answer 35

fomepizole

Question 36

TCAs

Answer 36

sodium bi carbs
vasopressors for hypotenstion

Question 37

valporic acid or topiramate induced hyperammonemia

Answer 37

levocarnitine (carnitor)

Question 38

what is the rumack Matthew nomogram used for

Answer 38

NAPQI

Question 39

animal bites

Answer 39

rabies vaccine

Question 40

black widow spider

Answer 40

antiven

Question 41

scorpion stings

Answer 41

antivenin

Question 42

MOA of NAC

Answer 42

NAPq conversion to nontoxic metabolite
acting as a glutathione precursor

Question 43

how to treat widening of QRS

Answer 43

sodium bi carb

Question 44

heparin OD

Answer 44

protamine

Question 45

dabigatran

Answer 45

idarucizumab (paxxbind)

Question 46

isoniazid

Answer 46

pyridixone
vit b6

Question 47

anticcholinergic effects

Answer 47

flushing
dry skin
blurry vision
tachy cardia
constipation
urinary retention