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Anatomy > Tissue I > Flashcards

Tissue I Flashcards

1
Q

tissue

A

a groups of cells which act together to perform a specific function

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2
Q

histology

A

the study of tissues

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3
Q

tissue composition

A

cells and intercellular matrix

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4
Q

types of tissue

A

epithelium, connective tissue, muscle, nervous

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5
Q

epithelium tissue

A
  • covers the surface of the body
  • lines the interior of organs and body cavities
  • major component of glands
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6
Q

connective tissue

A
  • covers and protects most organs and other body structures (i.e. spinal cord, heart)
  • binds structures to one another
  • provides metabolic needs (blood)
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7
Q

muscle tissue

A
  • facilitates movement of body skeleton

- involved in movement within organs

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8
Q

nervous tissue

A
  • nerve cells (neurons) provide stimulus that controls body activities
  • glial cells support and protect neurons
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9
Q

epithelial tissue general characteristics

A
  • consists of cells held closely together by cellular adhesions resting on a basement membrane
  • highly cellular
  • has very little inter cellular material
  • avascular; cells receive nutrients by diffusion from underlying tissue
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10
Q

what is the surface of the basement membrane called?

A

apical side

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11
Q

what does avascular mean?

A

not penetrated by blood vessels

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12
Q

what are epithelial tissue also called?

A

epithelium

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13
Q

what are two major types of epithelial cells?

A

membranous and glandular

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14
Q

membranous epithelium function

A
  • protection: covers body surfaces
  • lines body cavities
  • sensory perception (receptors for pain, temperature, touch)
  • absorption and secretion of nutrients
  • filtration (i.e. kidney)
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15
Q

what is the structural classification of membranous epithelium based on?

A
  • number of cell layers
  • shape of cells
  • special characteristics
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16
Q

what are the types of cell layers in the membranous epithelium?

A
  • simple
  • stratified
  • pseudostratified
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17
Q

simple epithelium cell layer

A

one cell layer

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18
Q

stratified epithelium cell layer

A

many cell layers

19
Q

pseudostratified epithelium cell layer

A
  • considered a “single” layer of cells since each cell contacts the basement membrane
    • -> it gives the appearance of multiple layers since cells are not all the same size and nuclear position varies
20
Q

what are the different shapes of the epithelium?

A
  • squamous
  • cuboidal
  • columnar
21
Q

squamous epithelium shape

A

flat-cells

22
Q

cuboidal epithelium shape

A

cube-shaped

23
Q

columnar epithelium shape

A

rectangular shaped

24
Q

what are the different special characteristics of the epithelium?

A
  • cilia

- keratin

25
Q

cilia epithelium special characteristic

A

respiratory tract

26
Q

keratin epithelium special characteristic

A

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair and nails that helps prevent water loss from the surface of the body; waterproof protein

27
Q

what are the eight different types of epithelium?

A

simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, stratified squamous, stratified cuboidal, stratified columnar, pseudostratified ciliated columnar, transitional

28
Q

simple squamous appearance

A
  • one thin layer of cells

- used for exchange: diffusion (since it’s thin, it’s easy to transport things)

29
Q

simple squamous location

A
  • blood vessel

- alveoli of lung

30
Q

simple cuboidal appearance

A

-one layer of cube/square shaped cells

31
Q

simple cuboidal location

A

glands

32
Q

simple columnar appearance

A
  • single layer of tall rectangular cells

- ideal for production of substances due to room for many organelles and exchange across cells and absorption I

33
Q

simple columnar location

A

-located in digestive tract (esophagus; intestines)

34
Q

stratified squamous appearance

A
  • any layer of thin cells
  • protective ( by having many layers of it)
  • area of high friction
35
Q

stratified squamous location

A
  • beginning (mouth) & end (anus) of GI tract
    • -> esophagus
    • -> vagina
    • -> skin
36
Q

stratified cuboidal location

A
  • glands

- i.e. sweat, salivary

37
Q

stratified columnar appearance

A
  • many layers of tall cells

- protective

38
Q

stratified columnar location

A

larynx

39
Q

pseudostratified ciliated columnar location

A
  • respiratory epithelium
    • -> nasal cavity
    • -> trachea
    • -> bronchi
40
Q

transitional appearance

A

cells appear to change shape as they are stretched

41
Q

transitional location

A
  • bladder
  • uterus
  • ureters
    • -> found in organs that need to dilate/expand (but not the stomach)
42
Q

endocrine glands

A
  • produces hormones
  • secrete their products through the blood stream (thyroid)
  • highly vacularized
43
Q

goblet cells

A

unicellular glands

Anatomy (41 decks)

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