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Anatomy > The Cell: Lecture > Flashcards

The Cell: Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

oocyte cell

A

aka egg cell; has tons of cytoplasm

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2
Q

sperm cell

A

DNA in the head of a cell

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3
Q

fat cell

A

filled with lipid; small cytoplasm is on the side

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4
Q

red blood cell

A

no nucleus; bag of hemoglobin

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5
Q

inorganic compounds

A

no carbon, nonliving

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6
Q

electrolytes

A

acids, bases, salts

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7
Q

water % mass in a cell

A

75% of cell mass

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8
Q

inorganic compounds examples

A

water and electrolytes

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9
Q

3 components most cells hav in common

A

cell membrane, a nucleus, and a cytoplasm

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10
Q

organic compounds

A

contains carbon, living

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11
Q

types of organic compounds

A

protein, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids

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12
Q

what is the structure and function of each protein determined by?

A

the number and sequence of its amino acids

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13
Q

what are the three types of protein?

A

structural, enzymes, and hormones

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14
Q

monosaccharides

A

simple sugar (glucose)

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15
Q

disaccharides

A

two sugars linked together (sucrose)

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16
Q

polysaccharides

A

many sugars linked together (glycogen)

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17
Q

what are some examples of lipids?

A

fats, cholesterol, phospholipids

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18
Q

fats

A

storage form

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19
Q

cholesterol function

A
  • It strengthens the membrane and stabilizes it at temperature extremes
  • precursor to fat soluble vitamins and steroid hormone
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20
Q

phospholipids

A

structural form is bilayer

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21
Q

what are some examples of nucleic acids

A

DNA and RNA

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22
Q

DNA

A

chromosomes, stores genetic information

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23
Q

RNA

A

involved in protein synthesis

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24
Q

what is the cell membrane composed of?

A

lipids/phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrates

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25
Q

amphipathic molecule

A

has both a polar and nonpolar end

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26
Q

how is the cell membrane amphipathic?

A

it has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

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27
Q

what is the four functions of the cell membrane?

A
  1. compartmentalization
  2. regulation of movement of materials from one area to another
  3. provides for intercellular interactions
  4. provides recognition sites
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28
Q

how is intercellular interactions helpful in the cell membrane?

A

it allows communication between cells; cell-cell recognition sites (through adhesion)

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29
Q

extracellular fluid’s location

A

located outside of the cell membrane

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30
Q

interstitial fluid’s location

A

the extracellular fluid located closest to the outer surface of the membrane

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31
Q

three components of the nucleus

A

chromatin, nuclear envelope, nucleolus

32
Q

chromatin

A

DNA and protein

33
Q

nuclear envelope

A

membrane surrounding the nucleus

34
Q

nucleolus

A

site of RNA synthesis (ribosomes produced)

35
Q

three functions of the nucleus

A
  1. stores genetic material
  2. involved in cellular division
  3. regulates cellular metabolism and activity of all organelles
36
Q

what does the cytoplasm consist of?

A

cytosol and organelles

37
Q

cytosol

A

fluid within the cell; composition varies by cell type

38
Q

organelles

A

small structures that perform specific cell functions

39
Q

inclusions

A

small components of cells related to its function (very cell-specific)

40
Q

what are the types of organelles within the cytoplasm

A

ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, and mitochondria

41
Q

ribosomes

A

“protein factories” of cell

42
Q

ribosome structure

A

composed of protein and RNA

43
Q

ribosome function

A

site of protein synthesis !!!

44
Q

endoplasmic reticulum structure

A
  • membranous network of channels
  • located through the cytoplasm
  • continuous with nuclear membrane
45
Q

endoplasmic reticulum function

A

provides a channel for communication and transport of substances throughout the cell

46
Q

what types of endoplasmic reticulum are there?

A

rough ER and soft ER

47
Q

rough ER

A
  • has multiple ribosomes on its surface

- responsible for manufacture and transport of protein

48
Q

smooth ER

A
  • responsible for lipid production and metabolism, and calcium storage
  • detoxification
49
Q

golgi complex structure

A

stacks of flattened “sacs”

50
Q

golgi complex function

A
  • storage of protein

- packages material into vesicles or granules for storage or secretion

51
Q

mitochondria

A

tHe miTocHoNdRia iS tHe pOwErhOUsE oF tHe cELL

52
Q

mitochondria structure

A

has internal components called cristae

53
Q

mitochondria function

A
  • cellular respiration

- production of energy from ATP for cellular functions

54
Q

7 types of cytoplasmic inclusions

A

secretory granules, hemoglobin, lipids droplets, pigments, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles

55
Q

cytoskeleton

A

proteins arranged to perform specific cellular functions

56
Q

types of proteins within the cytoskeleton

A

microtubules, centrioles, microfilaments

57
Q

microtubules structure

A

small, hallow tubules which run throughout the cytoplasm

58
Q

how are tubules formed

A

by a protein called tubulin

59
Q

microtubules function

A
  • provides a supporting network
  • conducting channels through which substances pass through the cytoplasm
  • structural component of centrioles and cilia (memorize this)
60
Q

centrioles structure

A
  • cylindrically shaped organelle composed of nine triplets of microtubules
  • two per cell, located near nucleus
61
Q

centrioles function

A

they play an important role in cell division

62
Q

microfilaments structure

A
  • thin strands of protein

- usually found in bundles

63
Q

microfilaments function

A
  • provides cytoskeletal support (which dictates cell shape)

- associated with contractile activities and cell locomotion (this is abundant in muscle cells)

64
Q

what does locomotion also mean

A

movement

65
Q

microvilli structure

A

finger-like projections of cell membrane made by in-folding

66
Q

microvilli function

A

increases surface area of cell membrane and facilitates transport

67
Q

cilia structure

A

cytoplasmic projections made of microtubules

68
Q

cilia function

A

move in a wave-like fashion to move mucous, etc.

69
Q

cellular adhesions

A

-junctional complexes/specialized regions of contact

70
Q

examples of cellular adhesions

A

tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions

71
Q

tight junctions

A

from a tight seal between cells

72
Q

desmosomes

A

“spot-weld” cells together

73
Q

gap junctions

A

allow for cell to cell exchange and communication

74
Q

what are fat cells also called

A

adipocytes

75
Q

what are red blood cells also called

A

erythrocyte

76
Q

where is cholesterol found in the membrane

A

at the hydrophobic side of the phospholipid bilayer

77
Q

nucleus function

A
  • it controls protein synthesis

- it directs the functional and structural characteristics of the cell

Anatomy (41 decks)

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