Nervous System III: Peripheral Nervous System Flashcards
1
Q
PNS components
A
- cranial nerves
- spinal nerves
- other nerves
- neurons
- ganglia
- sensory receptors
2
Q
PNS components location
A
-outside of CNS
3
Q
PNS function
A
- connects the CNS with all areas of the body
- responds to stimuli it receives and conveys this info to CNS
4
Q
examples of sensory receptors
A
- photo receptors
- chemo receptors
- pain receptors
- thermo receptors
- pressure receptors
- proprio receptors
5
Q
photo receptors
A
- rods and cones located in eye
- respond to light
6
Q
chemo receptors
A
- respond to chemicals
- located in nose (smell), tongue (taste), carotid bodies in blood vessels (chemicals in blood)
7
Q
pain receptors
A
- free nerve endings
- respond to pain
- located in skin
8
Q
thermo receptors
A
- respond to temperature changes
- located in dermis of skin
9
Q
thermo receptors components
A
- organs of ruffini
- bulbs of krause
10
Q
pressure receptors
A
- respond to mechanical deformation
- located in dermis
11
Q
pressure receptors components
A
- meissner’s corpuscles
- pacinian corpuscles
12
Q
thermo receptors organs of ruffini function
A
responsible for:
- the sensation of the stretch of your skin
- sustained pressure on the skin
- the perception of heat
13
Q
thermo receptors bulbs of krause function
A
-detects touch, light pressure, cold temperature
14
Q
pressure receptors meissner’s corpuscles function
A
- detect objects moving over the skin
- sensation: touch, texture
15
Q
pressure receptors pacinian corpuscles function
A
- detect changes in pressure
- sensation: deep pressure, vibrations
16
Q
which root form the spinal nerve?
A
-dorsal and ventral roots
17
Q
what kind of fiber does a spinal nerve have?
A
-sensory and motor fibers
18
Q
proprio receptors nueromuscular spindles function
A
- responding to stretch with signals that tell the muscle to contract
- prevents the muscle from overstretching.
19
Q
proprio receptors golgi tendon organs function
A
-detect changes in muscle tension
20
Q
spinal nerve divisions
A
- dorsal primary ramus
- ventral primary ramus
21
Q
dorsal spinal nerve location
A
- extends from spinal nerve
- sensory portion: on skin of back
- motor portion: on deep muscles of back
22
Q
ventral spinal nerve location
A
- extends from spinal nerve
- sensory portion: on skin of anterior and lateral trunk, upper, and lower limb
- motor portion: on muscles of anterior and lateral trunk, upper and lower limb (superficial muscle of back)**
23
Q
deratome
A
-a strip or segment of skin supplied by sensory** fibers of each dorsal and ventral ramus of a spinal nerve
24
Q
what is located at T4?
A
-nipple
25
what is located at T10?
-umbilicus (umbilical cord)
26
what levels on spine are damaged if lost sensation to T4?
- T3
- T4
- T5
27
what levels on spine are damaged if lost sensation to T10?
- T9
- T10
- T11
28
plexuses
- major nerve networks made of motor and sensory fibers of each ventral ramus
- supply the anterior head, neck, trunk, and limbs
29
what are the four major plexuses?
- cervical
- brachial
- lumbar
- sacral
30
what are the lumbar and sacral plexuses commonly known as?
-lumbo-sacral plexus
31
what do the four major plexuses carry?
- both motor and sensory information
| - named according to their location or the structures they innervate
32
what do the four major plexuses carry?
- both motor and sensory information
| - named according to their location or the structures they innervate
33
cervical plexus range
C1-C4
34
cervical plexus function
-supplies skin and muscles of neck
35
cervical plexus range
-C1-C4
36
cervical plexus function
-supplies skin and muscles of neck
37
cervical plexus major branch
-phrenic nerve
38
cervical plexus phrenic nerve location
- C3
- C4
- C5
39
cervical plexus phrenic nerve location
- C3
- C4
- C5
40
cervical plexus phrenic nerve function
-important for breathing: it passes motor information to the diaphragm and receives sensory information from it
41
cervical plexus motor location
-diaphragm
42
cervical plexus sensory location
-skin of the neck
43
brachial plexus location
-C5-T1
44
brachial plexus sensory location
-skin of shoulder and upper limb
45
brachial plexus motor location
-muscles of shoulder and upper limb
46
branches of the brachial plexus types of nerves
- axillary
- radial
- musculocutaneous
- ulnar
- median
47
axillary nerve structures innervated
- sensory: skin of shoulder
| - motor: deltoid muscle
48
axillary nerve deficit
-can't abduct deltoid
49
radial nerve structures innervated
- motor: triceps, extensors of forearm and wrist
| - sensory: portions of posterior/lateral arm and forearm
50
radial nerve deficit
-"wrist drop" occurs bc of loss of wrist extensors
51
musculocutaneous nerve structures innervated
- motor: muscles of anterior arm (brachialis, biceps brachii, etc.)
- sensory: skin of forearm
52
musculocutaneous nerve deficit
- supination
| - flexion of forearm
53
ulnar nerve structures innervated
-motor: flexor carpi, flexor digitorum(medial), lumbricals(medial)
54
ulnar nerve deficit
- "claw hand"
| - 2 median fingers are extension
55
median nerve structures innervated
- motor: flexor of wrist, thenar eminence, lumbricals (lateral two)
- sensory
56
median nerve deficit
- "ape hand" (can't do opposition)
| - "carpal tunnel syndrome"
57
lumbo-sacral plexus location
-L1-S4
58
lumbo-sacral plexus function
- supplies skin and muscles of the lower limb
| - all nerves in this have sensory and motor nerves
59
branches of the lumbo-sacral plexus types of nerves
- femoral
- obturator
- sciatic
- pudendal
60
femoral nerve structures innervated
- motor: quadriceps
| - sensory
61
femoral nerve deficit
-can't extend at the knee
62
obturator nerve structures innervated
- motor: adductors muscles or medial thigh
| - sensory
63
obturator nerve deficit
- can't adduct the thigh
| - pain in thigh
64
sciatic nerve structures innervated
- motor: hamstrings
| - sensory: posterior thigh
65
sciatic nerve deficit
-can't flex the leg at the knee
66
sciatic nerve location
- L4-S5
| - largest and longest of lumbosacral plexus nerves
67
sciatic nerve components
- tibial
| - common fibular (peroneal)
68
sciatic tibial nerve structures innervated
- motor: muscles in posterior leg (gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis posterior)
- sensory
69
sciatic tibial nerve deficit
- pain or loss of sensation on lateroposterior side near bow back, butt, and leg
- problems w plantar flexion
70
sciatic common fibular nerve types of branches
- deep fibular nerve
| - superficial fibular nerve
71
sciatic deep fibular nerve structures innervated
- motor: muscles of anterior leg
| - sensory
72
sciatic superficial fibular nerve structures innervated
- motor: muscles of lateral leg
| - sensory
73
sciatic common fibular nerve deficit
- nerve damage: "foot drop"
| - can't dorsiflex
74
pudendal nerve function
- supplies skeletal muscle
| - used for obstetrics in childbirth
75
pudendal nerve structures innervated
-motor and sensory: to the pelvic floor and diaphragm
76
pudendal nerve deficit
- incontinence
| - prolapse
77
important spinal reflexes
- knee reflex
- plantar reflex
- babinski reflex
- cremasteric reflex
78
knee reflex location
-L2, L3, L4
79
knee reflex site of receptor stimulation
-patellar tendon just below patella
80
plantar reflex location
-L4, L5, S1, S2
81
plantar reflex site of receptor stimulation
-lateral aspect of sole from heel to ball of foot
82
babinski reflex location
-L4, L5, S1, S
83
babinski reflex site of receptor stimulation
-lateral aspect of sole from heel to ball of foot
84
cremasteric reflex location
-L1, L2
85
cremasteric site of receptor stimulation
-stroking upper inside of thigh in males
86
knee reflex effector action
-contract quads to extend the knee
87
plantar reflex effector action
-plantar flexes foot and flexes toes
88
babinski reflex effector action
-dorsiflexes great toe and fans other toes
89
cremasteric reflex effector action
-contract cremasteric muscle and elevates testis on same side of stimulation
90
what does it mean if the babinski reflex is stimulated at the sole of the foot instead of the plantar reflex?
-may be indicating damage to the corticospinal tract within the spinal cord
