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Anatomy > Digestive System II > Flashcards

Digestive System II Flashcards

1
Q

peritoneum

A
  • serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity

- support and covers most of the organs in this cavity

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2
Q

peritoneal cavity

A
  • space btwn the parietal and visceral layers of peritoneum

- contains small amounts of serous fluid

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3
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

-attached to the abdominal pelvic wall

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4
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

-attached to the organs of the digestive tract

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5
Q

greater omentum

A

-suspended from the inferior curvature of the stomach

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6
Q

lesser omentum

A

-attaches the lesser curvature of the stomach to the liver

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7
Q

mesentery

A

-attaches the small intestine to posterior abdominal wall

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8
Q

mesocolon

A

-attaches the large intestine to posterior abdominal wall

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9
Q

falciform ligament*

A

-attaches liver to inferior diaphragm and anterior body wall

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10
Q

which organs are retroperitoneal

A
  • pancreas
  • kidney
  • portion of the duodenum
  • ascending & descending colon
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11
Q

stomach location

A
  • upper left quadrant

- btwn esophagus and small intestine

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12
Q

stomach structure

A

divided into:

  • cardia
  • fundus
  • body
  • pylorus
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13
Q

layers in stomach wall

A
  • muscularis externa
  • rugae
  • gastric glands
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14
Q

stomach: muscularis externa composition

A

-simple columnar epithelium

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15
Q

stomach: submucosa

A

-nerves and blood vessels

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16
Q

stomach: muscularis

A

-3 layers of smooth muscle

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17
Q

stomach: serosa

A

-CT

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18
Q

stomach: rugae structure

A

-folds of mucosal layers

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19
Q

stomach: rugae function

A
  • permits stomach to distend
  • increase SA for secretion and digestion
  • disappear as stomach expands
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20
Q

stomach gastric glands: chief cells

A

-produces inactive pepsinogen –> pepsin for protein digestion

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21
Q

stomach gastric glands: parietal cells

A
  • produces HCL which dec. the pH of stomach contents

- produces intrinsic factors required for B12 absorption

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22
Q

stomach gastric glands: mucous cells

A
  • aka goblet cells

- secrete protective mucous

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23
Q

stomach gastric glands: enteroendocrine cells

A
  • secrete hormones which influence digestive organs

- i.e. G cells secrete gastrin (inc. GI activity)

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24
Q

stomach gastric glands: sphincters

A

-regulate flow of food

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25
Q

stomach gastric glands: cardiac sphincter

A

-junction of stomach and esophagus

26
Q

stomach gastric glands: pyloric sphincter

A
  • made of smooth muscle
  • junction of stomach and duodenum
  • regulated by parasympathetic
27
Q

stomach function

A
  • mechanical mixing of food & production of “chyme”
  • initiates major protein digestion
  • storage of chyme until it passes into the duodenum
  • minimal absorption (i.e. drugs, alcohol)
28
Q

chyme

A
  • acidic pasty material

- food leaving the stomach

29
Q

small intestine location

A
  • extends from pyloric sphincter to large intestine

- occupies central & lower portion of abdominal cavity

30
Q

small intestine duodenum

A
  • retroperitoneal

- C-shaped first 10 inches of small intestine

31
Q

small intestine duodenum: duodenal papilla*

A

-opening through which bile and enzymes enter the duodenum

32
Q

small intestine duodenum: brunner’s glands

A
  • secrete alkaline solution

- protects intestinal lining of acidic chyme

33
Q

small intestine: jejunum

A
  • middle section

- slightly larger lumen

34
Q

small intestine: ileum

A
  • third region of small intestine

- contains peyer’s patches

35
Q

define peyer’s patches*

A

-clusters of lymphatic tissue

36
Q

small intestine function*

A
  • major site of chemical digestion
  • mechanical mixing
  • major site for absorption of nutrients
  • propels undigested nutrients or materials to large intestine
37
Q

small intestine: plicae circulares

A
  • deep folds of mucosa
  • inc. SA for digestion & absorption
  • doesn’t disappear as intestine expands
38
Q

small intestine: villi

A
  • small finger-like projections
  • inc. SA
  • capillary network
  • lacteal
39
Q

small intestine: lacteals

A

-transports fats to lymphatics

40
Q

small intestine: microvilli

A

-microscopic processes on columnar cells

41
Q

small intestine: intestinal cells

A
  • secrete enzymes
  • found in crypts of lieberkuhn
  • promote absorption
42
Q

large intestine location

A

begins at end of ileum in LRQ–>superiorly to liver–>left to spleen–>descends on left to pelvis–>end at anus

43
Q

large intestine: cecum

A
  • dilated pouch at junction of small intestine& lagre intestine
  • LRQ
  • ileocecal valve: guards opening
44
Q

large intestine: ascending colon

A

-right side

45
Q

large intestine: transverse colon

A

-passes from right to left

46
Q

large intestine: descending colon

A

-left side

47
Q

large intestine: sigmoid colon

A
  • S-shaped

- from left side to center of body

48
Q

large intestine: rectum

A
  • in midline

- leads to anal canal

49
Q

large intestine: anal canal

A

-passageway leading to the anus

50
Q

large intestine: sphincters

A

-guard openings

51
Q

large intestine: internal anal sphincter

A

-smooth muscle

52
Q

large intestine: external anal sphincter

A

-skeletal muscle

53
Q

large intestine: taeniae coli

A

-long strip of smooth muscle

54
Q

large intestine: haustra

A

-sac-like regions

55
Q

large intestine: epiploic appendages

A

-fat-filled pouches

56
Q

large intestine: hepatic flexure

A

-right celic flexure

57
Q

large intestine: splenic flexure

A

-left colic flexure

58
Q

large intestine function

A
  • absorption of water
  • formation, storage and expulsion of feces
  • contains “normal flora” (bacteria)
  • manufacture vitamins:: fat soluble A, D, E, K
59
Q

appendix location

A
  • LRQ

- retro-cecal

60
Q

appendix structure

A
  • finger-like projections
  • blind pouch
  • contains lymphatic tissue

Anatomy (41 decks)

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