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Anatomy > Respiratory System I > Flashcards

Respiratory System I Flashcards

1
Q

nose external anatomy

A
  • part that’s visible

- supported by a framework formed posteriorly by paired nasal bones and anteriorly by plates of cartilage

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2
Q

nasal cavity boundaries

A
  • anterior
  • posterior
  • inferior(floor)
  • lateral
  • septum
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3
Q

anterior nasal cavity components

A
  • name: nostrils

- external: openings

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4
Q

posterior nasal cavity components

A
  • nasopharynx
  • upper portion of pharynx(throat)
  • connected to middle ear y auditory tube
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5
Q

inferior nasal cavity components

A
  • hard palate
  • composed of maxilla and boxes
  • continuous w/ soft palate
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6
Q

lateral nasal cavity components

A
  • skin
  • lining: mucous membrane contains conchae
  • sheet-like projections of underlying lame(turbinate)
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7
Q

conchae description

A
  • under each are openings for mucous, tears, etc

- paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts drown through these ducts

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8
Q

septum nasal cavity components**

A
  • medial wall of nostrils

- composed anteriorly of cartilage and posterior by bone(vomer, ethmoid)

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9
Q

what lines the nasal cavity?

A
  • mucosa
  • goblet cells
  • blood vessels
  • olfactory epithelium
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10
Q

lining of nasal cavity: mucosa composition

A

-pseudocilitated columnar epithelium

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11
Q

lining of nasal cavity: goblet cells composition

A
  • found in mucous membrane of epithelium

- makes mucous

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12
Q

lining of nasal cavity: blood vessels composition

A

-very well vascularized

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13
Q

lining of nasal cavity: olfactory epithelium

A

-in roof, contains specialized nerve cell fibers

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14
Q

nasal cavity function**

A
  • warms air (due to a lot of blood vessels nearby)
  • moistens/humidifies and clears air
  • plays a role in sound resonance
  • sense of smell
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15
Q

paranasal sinuses

A
  • paired air spaces located within bones in facial region

- their contents(mucous) drains into nasal cavity

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16
Q

paranasal sinuses location

A
  • frontal
  • ethmoid
  • sphenoid
  • maxillary
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17
Q

paranasal sinuses function

A
  • lessen weight of bone

- plays role in sound resonance

18
Q

pharynx structure and location

A
  • funnel shaped passageway approx. 5 inches
  • connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus
  • stratified squamous epithelium (can consciously swallow due to constant friction)
19
Q

pharynx divisions

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
20
Q

nasopharynx

A
  • uppermost; posterior to nasal cavity
  • contains openings for auditory(eustachian) tube which connects the pharynx to middle ear
  • contains pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids)
21
Q

oropharynx

A
  • middle portion

- posterior to oral cavity: contains lingual and palatine tonsils

22
Q

laryngopharynx

A
  • lowermost portion (hyoid bone to larynx)

- region where food is directed posteriorly to esophagus and larynx

23
Q

larynx location

A
  • aka voice box
  • connects the laryngopharynx w trachea
  • located at C4-C6
24
Q

larynx structure

A
  • triangular shaped box

- composed of hyaline of cartilage

25
Q

larynx structural components

A
  • thyroid cartilage(“adam’s apple”
  • cricoid cartilage
  • epiglottis
  • additional plates of cartilage
26
Q

thyroid cartilage**

A
  • aka “adam’s apple”

- prominent anterior plate

27
Q

cricoid cartilage**

A
  • signet ring shaped cartilage

- located inferior to thyroid cartilage

28
Q

epiglottis**

A
  • leaf shaped attached posteriorly to thyroid cartilage

- free upper end acts like a flap to detect food posteriorly

29
Q

additional plate of cartilage**

A
  • artyenoid
  • cuneiform
  • corniculate
30
Q

what does the opening in the larynx allow for?

A

-the passage of air when breathing

31
Q

cricothyroid ligament (membrane) location**

A
  • btwn the thyroid and cricoid cartilage

- this can be pierced in an emergency to allow air to enter trachea

32
Q

vocal cords location

A

-within the larynx

33
Q

vocal cords structure** and function

A
  • bands of CT(like strings of a guitar)
  • attached to arytenoid cartilage of larynx
  • vibrate as air passes over them to produce sound
34
Q

what changes the length, position, ad tension of the vocal cords?

A

-changed by the action of the intrinsic muscles of larynx

35
Q

trachea location**

A
  • anterior to esophagus

- connects larynx to bronchi

36
Q

trachea structure

A
  • composed of 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
  • fibrous CT composes posterior wall
  • rigid but flexible (allows for expansion of esophagus)
  • lined w pseudo. cil. col. epithelium
37
Q

bronchial tree function

A

-serve to carry the air to the functional unit of the lung (alveoli)

38
Q

primary bronchi

A
  • begins at sternal angle & bifurcates into right & left primary bronchi
  • composed of rings of cartilage
  • lined w pseudo. cil. col/ epi.
  • contains smooth muscle in the walls
39
Q

secondary bronchi

A
  • one for each lobe of the lung (left:2, right:3)

- inc. in amount of smooth muscle in wall

40
Q

tertiary bronchi**

A

one for each bronchopulmonary seg.:

  • cartilage gradually dec.
  • smooth muscle inc.
  • cuboidal epithelium
41
Q

terminal bronchioles**

A
  • only smooth muscle & epithelium (no cartilage* meaning it can constrict fully)
  • opens into alveolar ducts
42
Q

alveoli

A

-simple squamous lined, rounded(“grape-like”) regions where air exchange occurs

Anatomy (41 decks)

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