Respiratory System I Flashcards
nose external anatomy
- part that’s visible
- supported by a framework formed posteriorly by paired nasal bones and anteriorly by plates of cartilage
nasal cavity boundaries
- anterior
- posterior
- inferior(floor)
- lateral
- septum
anterior nasal cavity components
- name: nostrils
- external: openings
posterior nasal cavity components
- nasopharynx
- upper portion of pharynx(throat)
- connected to middle ear y auditory tube
inferior nasal cavity components
- hard palate
- composed of maxilla and boxes
- continuous w/ soft palate
lateral nasal cavity components
- skin
- lining: mucous membrane contains conchae
- sheet-like projections of underlying lame(turbinate)
conchae description
- under each are openings for mucous, tears, etc
- paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal ducts drown through these ducts
septum nasal cavity components**
- medial wall of nostrils
- composed anteriorly of cartilage and posterior by bone(vomer, ethmoid)
what lines the nasal cavity?
- mucosa
- goblet cells
- blood vessels
- olfactory epithelium
lining of nasal cavity: mucosa composition
-pseudocilitated columnar epithelium
lining of nasal cavity: goblet cells composition
- found in mucous membrane of epithelium
- makes mucous
lining of nasal cavity: blood vessels composition
-very well vascularized
lining of nasal cavity: olfactory epithelium
-in roof, contains specialized nerve cell fibers
nasal cavity function**
- warms air (due to a lot of blood vessels nearby)
- moistens/humidifies and clears air
- plays a role in sound resonance
- sense of smell
paranasal sinuses
- paired air spaces located within bones in facial region
- their contents(mucous) drains into nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses location
- frontal
- ethmoid
- sphenoid
- maxillary
paranasal sinuses function
- lessen weight of bone
- plays role in sound resonance
pharynx structure and location
- funnel shaped passageway approx. 5 inches
- connects the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx and esophagus
- stratified squamous epithelium (can consciously swallow due to constant friction)
pharynx divisions
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
- uppermost; posterior to nasal cavity
- contains openings for auditory(eustachian) tube which connects the pharynx to middle ear
- contains pharyngeal tonsils(adenoids)
oropharynx
- middle portion
- posterior to oral cavity: contains lingual and palatine tonsils
laryngopharynx
- lowermost portion (hyoid bone to larynx)
- region where food is directed posteriorly to esophagus and larynx
larynx location
- aka voice box
- connects the laryngopharynx w trachea
- located at C4-C6
larynx structure
- triangular shaped box
- composed of hyaline of cartilage
larynx structural components
- thyroid cartilage(“adam’s apple”
- cricoid cartilage
- epiglottis
- additional plates of cartilage
thyroid cartilage**
- aka “adam’s apple”
- prominent anterior plate
cricoid cartilage**
- signet ring shaped cartilage
- located inferior to thyroid cartilage
epiglottis**
- leaf shaped attached posteriorly to thyroid cartilage
- free upper end acts like a flap to detect food posteriorly
additional plate of cartilage**
- artyenoid
- cuneiform
- corniculate
what does the opening in the larynx allow for?
-the passage of air when breathing
cricothyroid ligament (membrane) location**
- btwn the thyroid and cricoid cartilage
- this can be pierced in an emergency to allow air to enter trachea
vocal cords location
-within the larynx
vocal cords structure** and function
- bands of CT(like strings of a guitar)
- attached to arytenoid cartilage of larynx
- vibrate as air passes over them to produce sound
what changes the length, position, ad tension of the vocal cords?
-changed by the action of the intrinsic muscles of larynx
trachea location**
- anterior to esophagus
- connects larynx to bronchi
trachea structure
- composed of 16-20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
- fibrous CT composes posterior wall
- rigid but flexible (allows for expansion of esophagus)
- lined w pseudo. cil. col. epithelium
bronchial tree function
-serve to carry the air to the functional unit of the lung (alveoli)
primary bronchi
- begins at sternal angle & bifurcates into right & left primary bronchi
- composed of rings of cartilage
- lined w pseudo. cil. col/ epi.
- contains smooth muscle in the walls
secondary bronchi
- one for each lobe of the lung (left:2, right:3)
- inc. in amount of smooth muscle in wall
tertiary bronchi**
one for each bronchopulmonary seg.:
- cartilage gradually dec.
- smooth muscle inc.
- cuboidal epithelium
terminal bronchioles**
- only smooth muscle & epithelium (no cartilage* meaning it can constrict fully)
- opens into alveolar ducts
alveoli
-simple squamous lined, rounded(“grape-like”) regions where air exchange occurs
