Blood I Flashcards
functions of blood
- transport system
- protection
- regulation
transport system function
- O2 from lungs to all cells of the body
- CO2 from cells to lungs
- nutrients from digestive tract to cells
- waste products from cells to kidneys and sweat glands
- enzymes and hormones to various cells
protection function
- WBC help combat infection(phagocytosis of microorganisms and production of antibodies)
- prevention of body fluid loss by cloning mechanism
regulation function
- body temperature (water it contains provides meand for dissipation of heat)
- volume of body water
- pH (by way of its buffer system)
composition of blood
- plasma
- cellular elements
plasma components
- liquid portion of blood
- major plasma proteins(big proteins)
- ions
- compounds such as as glucose, urea, etc
major plasma proteins components
- albumin
- fibrinogen
- globulins
fibrinogen
- necessary for blood clotting
- eventually becomes the blood clot
albumin
- many functions, including transport and BP regulation
- very large, affects osmotic pressure
globulin
-transport of lipids and antibody formation
cellular elements that make up plasma components
- erythrocytes (RBC)
- leukocytes (WBC)
- thrombocytes (platelets), tiny
erythrocytes description
- bicon cone shape
- no nucleus (no mitosis)
- stains reddish pink)
erythrocytes function
-hemoglobin for O2 transport
WBC: neutrophil (granulocyte) description
- segments nucleus
- polymorphonucleated (PMN)
- granules(contains enzymes)
WBC: neutrophil (granulocyte) function
- phagocytosis of bacteria, debris, etc, increased bacterial infections
- enzymes are released and destroy bacteria
WBC: eosinophil description
- bi-lobed nucleus
- large pink granules
WBC: eosinophil function
-fights parasitic infections and allergies
WBC: basophil description
- lobed nucleus
- dark granules
WBC: basophil function
- contains histamine
- affects vascular permeability
- increase in number in some leukemias
WBC: lymphocyte description
- non-granulocytes
- blue cytoplasm
- found in nucleus
- T-cells: cell mediated defense
- B-cells: antibody production
WBC: lymphocyte function
- immune defense
- fights viral infections
- inc. in viral infections
WBC: monocyte description
- largest, variably shaped nucleus
- blue cytoplasm
WBC: monocyte function
- phagocytosis
- moves into the tissues and becomes a macrophage
thrombocytes (platelets) description
- small, granular fragments
- portion of cytoplasm of a megakaryocyte which resides in bone marrow
thrombocytes (platelets) function
-blood clotting
hemopoiesis
-bone cell formation
hemopoiesis location
- embryonic/fetal development: various organs (yolk sac, liver, spleen, lymph nodes thymus)
- adult: formed in red bone marrow of sternum, ribs, vertebrae, pelvis, lymphoid tissue
bone marrow location
-located in spaces or cavities within long and flat bones
bone marrow components
- red marrow
- yellow marrow
red marrow
-hemopoietic (blood forming)
yellow marrow
-contains large number of fat cells
at birth and adult age, what colors are our bone marrow?
- birth: all is red marrow
- adult- one half is red marrow
pluripotential stem cells
-offspring develop special characeristics once matured blood cells and leave bone marrow to enter peripheral blood
erythropoietin function**
- produced in kidney
- influences rate of production of cells
