Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Digestive System I > Flashcards

Digestive System I Flashcards

1
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A
  • aka alimentary canal

- includes mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and the large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

accessory digestive organs

A

-includes the salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

soft palate

A
  • muscular arch: skeletal muscle

- covered w mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

uvula

A
  • cone-shaped projection of soft palate

- prevents food and liquid from entering the nasopharynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

frenulum

A
  • fold of tissue under tongue

- restricts movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

tongue intrinsic muscles

A
  • interwoven skeletal muscle

- basically the body of the tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tongue extrinsic muscles

A
  • attached the base of the tongue
  • originate on hyoid and other structures
  • ex: hyoglossus muscle
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dorsal surface of tongue

A
  • papillae

- lingual tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tongue papillae

A
  • small raised areas
  • taste buds
  • structures sensitive to touch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tongue lingual tonsils

A

-lymphoid tissue on posterior portion of tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

crown of teeth

A

-exposed portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

neck of teeth

A

-gums attach here

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

root of teeth

A

-anchors tooth fairy in jaw

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

periodontal membrane of teeth**

A

-special type of CT which lines tooth socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gingiva of teeth

A

-mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

alveolus of teeth

A

-socket (cavity) in base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

enamel of teeth

A

-mostly CaPO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

dentin of teeth

A

-bone-like material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

pulp of teeth

A
  • nerves

- blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

root canal of teeth

A

-canal in which pulp is found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

salivary glands function

A

-responsible for production and secretion of saliva

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

types of salivary glands

A
  • parotid glands
  • submandibular glands
  • sublingual glands
  • buccal glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

parotid glands

A
  • located inferior and anterior to ear
  • drains into oral cavity near 2nd upper molar
  • biggest gland
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

submandibular glands

A
  • located just inside the mandible
  • empties into the floor of the mouth
  • exocrine glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

sublingual glands

A
  • located under mucosa in floor of mouth
  • empties into floor of mouth
  • exocrine glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

buccal glands

A
  • small glands located on mucosal membrane of the mouth

- think of buccinator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

composition saliva

A
  • water (99%)
  • enzymes
  • mucous
  • salts
28
Q

water in saliva function

A

-dissolves food and chemicals so they can be digested (and tasted)

29
Q

enzymes in saliva

A
  • lysosome
  • amylase
  • lipase
30
Q

enzymes in saliva: lysozyme function

A
  • destroys bacteria

- cleans teeth

31
Q

enzymes in saliva: amylase function

A

-begins digestion of starches only a tiny bit**

32
Q

enzymes in saliva: lipase function

A

-begins digestion of fats

33
Q

mucus in saliva function

A

-lubrication

34
Q

salts in saliva function

A

-maintains proper pH for digestive enzymes

35
Q

what controls salivation?

A

-under control of the parasympathetic division of the ANS

36
Q

pharynx structure**

A
  • lines with stratified squamous epithelium
  • mucous membrane (lubrication)
  • skeletal muscle
37
Q

is the initial step in swallowing a voluntary or involuntary process?

A
  • voluntary

- involves elevation of root of tongue (helps pass bolus/food posteriorly into oropharynx)

38
Q

mucosa: epithelium

A
  • stratified squamous at beg. and end of tract(mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and canal)
  • simple columnar in middle (stomach, small, large intestine)
  • glands: lots of glands
39
Q

mucosa: submucosa

A
  • contains many blood vessels(nourishes mucosa & absorb nutrients)
  • elastic and collagenous fibers(allow GI tract to expand)
  • nerve plexuses innervate glands
40
Q

lacteals function

A
  • has lymphatic vessels

- absorbs fats

41
Q

muscularis externa

A

-made of smooth muscle

42
Q

serosa (adventitia)

A

-over covering composed of fibrous CT

43
Q

where is skeletal muscle located?

A
  • oral cavity
  • pharynx
  • part of esophagus
  • anal canal
44
Q

blood supply: celiac trunk

A
  • supplies upper GI system
  • gastric artery to stomach and esophagus
  • splenic artery to spleen
  • hepatic arteries to liver
45
Q

blood supply: superior mesenteric

A
  • duodenum and most of small intestine

- ascending and transverse colon

46
Q

blood supply: inferior mesenteric

A
  • transverse and sigmoid colon

- rectum

47
Q

plexuses in the walls of digestive tract

A
  • meissner’s plexus

- myenteric plexus

48
Q

meissner’s plexus location and function

A
  • located in submucosa
  • aids in gland secretion
  • innervates smooth muscle layer that squeezes mucosa
49
Q

myenteric’s plexus location and function

A
  • located in muscularis layer

- major nerve supply to smooth muscle of GI tract

50
Q

esophagus location

A
  • posterior to trachea
  • begins at larynx
  • passes through hiatus in the diaphragm to join stomach
51
Q

esophagus structure

A
  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscularis externa
  • gastroesophageal sphincter
52
Q

esophagus: mucosa layer

A

-stratified squamous

53
Q

esophagus: submucosa layer

A

-blood vessels and nerves

54
Q

esophagus: muscularis externa layer

A
  • upper 1/3
  • middle 1/3
  • lower 1/3
55
Q

esophagus muscularis externa layer: upper 1/3

A

-skeletal muscle

56
Q

esophagus: muscularis externa layer: middle 1/3

A

-combination of skeletal and smooth muscle

57
Q

esophagus: muscularis externa layer: lower 1/3

A

-smooth muscle only (must be innervated by ANS)

58
Q

esophagus: gastroesophageal sphincter

A
  • aka cardiac sphincter
  • composed of smooth muscle
  • helps prevent stomach contents from being regurgitated into the esophagus
59
Q

what nervous systems are the gut regulated by?

A
  • parasympathetic nervous system
  • sympathetic nervous system
  • enteric nervous system
60
Q

parasympathetic nervous system regulation

A
  • responsible for normal digestive processes while body is at homeostasis
  • fibers come from vagus or phrenic nerves
  • could directly or indirectly activate the smooth muscle in walls of tract and glands in tract & secondary digestive organs
61
Q

sympathetic nervous system regulation

A
  • comes from thoracic region of spinal cord and sympathetic chain ganglia
  • inhibit motility and secretion during flight or fight response to reroute sources to musculoskeletal system
62
Q

enteric system regulation

A
  • intrinsic system of the gut
  • no direct connection w/ CNS and can operate independently
  • controls glands and muscles of digestive tract
  • receives input from ANS
63
Q

lip function

A
  • obicularis iris muscle

- composed of CT, skin, numerous sensory receptors, & blood vessels

64
Q

cheek function

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium

- formed by muscles of facial expression

65
Q

hard palate

A

-formed by palatine and maxilla bones

Anatomy (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions