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Anatomy > Skeletal Systems II: Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Skeletal Systems II: Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

what are the two regions of the skull?

A

neurocranium and viscerocranium

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2
Q

neurocranium function

A

responsible for housing and protecting the brain

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3
Q

neurocranium composition

A

consists of the calvarium(brain case) and basicranium (brain pan)

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4
Q

viscerocranium function

A
  • bones of the face

- allows for the passage of substances into the body (food, air, water) and mastication of food

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5
Q

what is mastication?

A

chewing

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6
Q

components of the neurocranium

A
  • frontal bone
  • parietal bones
  • occipital bone
  • temporal bone
  • sphenoid bone
  • ethmoid bone
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7
Q

neurocranium frontal bone function

A
  • protects brain anteriorly
  • supports brain inferiorly
  • root of orbit
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8
Q

what is the orbit?

A

eye socket

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9
Q

neurocranium parietal bones function

A

protects brain/skull laterally and superiorly

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10
Q

neurocranium occipital bone function

A

protects brain posteriorly

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11
Q

components of neurocranium occipital bone

A
  • foramen magnum

- occipital condyles

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12
Q

neurocranium occipital bone foramen magnum function

A
  • passage of spinal cord

- it’s a large circular opening (largest in body)

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13
Q

neurocranium occipital bone occipital condyles function

A
  • articulates with the first vertebra

- allows the head to flex and extend

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14
Q

what is the first vertebra also called?

A

the cervical atlas

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15
Q

neurocranium temporal bone structure

A

inferior, lateral side of skull

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16
Q

neurocranium temporal bone zygomatic arch function

A

-connects the temporal process of zygomatic bone and zygomatic process of the temporal bone

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17
Q

neurocranium temporal bone mastoid process location

A
  • behind the ear

- -> bulge on inferior part of temporal bone

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18
Q

neurocranium temporal bone mastoid process function

A

-attachment site of some neck muscles to extend and rotate the head

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19
Q

what is another name for the zygomatic arch?

A

cheek bone

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20
Q

neurocranium temporal bone styloid process location

A

-slender pointed piece of bone just below the ear

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21
Q

neurocranium temporal bone styloid process function

A

-attachment site of the hyoid and tongue muscles

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22
Q

neurocranium temporal bone internal auditory meatus location

A
  • located inside the posterior cranial fossa of the skull
  • near the center of the posterior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone
  • (ear canal)
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23
Q

neurocranium temporal bone internal auditory meatus function

A

-transmits cranial nerves

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24
Q

neurocranium temporal bone petrous location

A
  • pyramid-shaped
  • is wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones
  • separates middle from cranial posterior fossa
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25
Q

neurocranium temporal bone petrous function

A
  • protects sensory structures of the inner ear

- ex: hearing and equilibrium

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26
Q

components of the neurocranium temporal bone

A
  • petrous
  • mastoid process
  • zygomatic process
  • styloid process
  • internal auditory meatus
  • zygomatic arch
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27
Q

neurocranium temporal bone zygomatic process location

A

-long, arched process projecting from the lower part of the squamous portion of the temporal bone

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28
Q

neurocranium temporal bone zygomatic process function

A

-curves laterally and anteriorly to unite with the temporal process of the zygomatic bone

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29
Q

neurocranium sphenoid bone location

A

-floor of cranium

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30
Q

neurocranium sphenoid bone function

A
  • unites many cranial and facial bones

- articulates with almost every other bone in the skull

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31
Q

neurocranium sphenoid bone sella turcica function

A

-site of pituitary gland

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32
Q

what gland is the pituitary gland a part of?

A

endocrine gland

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33
Q

neurocranium sphenoid bone sella turcica location

A

-saddle-shaped region in sphenoid midline

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34
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone location

A

-forms the roof of the nasal cavity, upper nasal septum, and part of the medial orbit walls

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35
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone function

A

-main mechanical support structure of the nasal cavity

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36
Q

components of the neurocranium ethmoid bone

A
  • cribriform plates
  • crista galli
  • perpendicular plate
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37
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone cribriform plates location

A

-bony plates lateral to the crista galli

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38
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone cribriform plates function

A

-allows passage of olfactory nerve

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39
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone crista galli location

A
  • upper part of the perpendicular plate

- above cribriform plate

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40
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone crista galli function

A
  • attachment of dura mater

- helps secure the brain within the skull

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41
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone perpendicular plate location

A
  • thin, flattened lamina

- descends from the under surface of the cribriform plate

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42
Q

neurocranium ethmoid bone perpendicular plate function

A

-assists in forming the septum of the nose

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43
Q

components of viscerocranium

A

zygomatic bone, maxilla, mandible, nasal bones, vomer, hard palate

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44
Q

viscerocranium zygomatic bone location

A
  • cheek and lateral orbit(cheekbone)

- lateral to the maxilla

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45
Q

viscerocranium maxilla location

A
  • upper jaw/teeth

- anterior portion of hard palate

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46
Q

viscerocranium mandible location

A

-lower jaw/teeth

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47
Q

viscerocranium nasal bones location

A

bridge of nose

48
Q

viscerocranium vomer location

A

-forms inferior septum with perpendicular plate of ethmoid

49
Q

viscerocranium hard palate location

A
  • nasal opening
  • made up of two palatine bones
  • posterior roof of mouth
50
Q

rib cage sternum location

A

breastplate

51
Q

components of rib cage sternum

A

-manubrium, body, xiphoid process

52
Q

rib cage sternum manubrium location

A
  • handle

- upper triangular-shaped portion

53
Q

rib cage sternum body location

A
  • largest elongated portion

- lies between manubrium and xiphoid process

54
Q

rib cage sternum xiphoid process location

A

-sword; most inferior and smallest portion

55
Q

rib cage “sternal angle” location

A
  • located at the junction of the manubrium and the body of the sternum
  • it’s a bony landmark used to locate the junction of the 2nd rib and the sternum
56
Q

rib cage jugular notch location

A

-the slightly curved region on the superior angle of the manubrium

57
Q

rib cage ribs location

A
  • 12 ribs that forms the walls of the thorax and protect the thoracic organs
  • ribs that attach to the spinal cord attach via the hyaline costal cartilage
58
Q

rib cage true ribs numbers

59
Q

rib cage true ribs function

A

-articulate directly with the sternum with their own costal cartilage

60
Q

rib cage false ribs numbers

61
Q

rib cage false ribs function

A

-articulate indirectly by attaching to the cartilage of rib 7

62
Q

rib cage floating ribs numbers

63
Q

rib cage floating ribs function

A

-do not articulate anteriorly

64
Q

components of a rib

A
  • body
  • head
  • articular facets
  • sternal end
65
Q

rib cage rib body location

A

-main portion

66
Q

rib cage rib head location

A
  • the posterior end

- articulates with thoracic vertebrae

67
Q

rib cage rib articular facets location

A

-the points of contact with the vertebral column

68
Q

rib cage rib sternal end location

A

-attachment site of costal cartilage

69
Q

rib cage intercostal spaces location

A
  • located between the ribs

- contains muscles, nerves, and blood vessels

70
Q

vertebral column of axial skeleton

A

-consists of 33 individual bones called vertebrae

71
Q

what are the regions of the vertebral column each called?

A
  • cervical
  • thoracic
  • lumbar
  • sacral
  • coccygeal
72
Q

how many bones are within the cervical region of the vertebral column?

73
Q

how many bones are within the thoracic region of the vertebral column?

74
Q

how many bones are within the lumbar region of the vertebral column?

75
Q

how many bones are within the sacral region of the vertebral column?

76
Q

how many bones are within the coccygeal region of the vertebral column?

77
Q

major components of vertebrae in the vertebral column

A
  • body
  • nueral arch
  • articular components
78
Q

vertebral column vertebra body location

A
  • anterior, rounded area

- each bears the load of the bodies above it

79
Q

vertebral column vertebra neural arch location

A
  • posterior arch

- encloses the spinal cord

80
Q

vertebral column vertebra articular components location

A

-contains surfaces where adjacent vertebrae(2) attach

81
Q

common landmarks in the vertebral column

A
  • vertebral foramen
  • spinous process
  • transverse process
  • articular process
  • lamina
  • pedicle
  • intervertebral foramen
82
Q

vertebral column landmark vertebral foramen

A
  • passageway formed by the vertebral arch and the body

- enclosed by the spinal cord

83
Q

vertebral column landmark spinous process

A
  • non-paired posterior projection of vertebral arch

- “the bumps on your back”

84
Q

vertebral column landmark transverse process

A

-extends laterally from each pedicle

85
Q

vertebral column landmark articular process

A
  • two bilateral superior and inferior facets

- >these articulate with the vertebra above and below

86
Q

vertebral column landmark lamina

A

-bridges transverse and spinous processes

87
Q

vertebral column landmark pedicle

A

-bridges transverse processes and body

88
Q

vertebral column landmark intervertebral foramen

A
  • lateral openings found between the vertebrae(pedicles and spinal nerves)
  • spinal nerves are found here
89
Q

what separates the individual vertebrae from one another?

A

-intervertebral discs

90
Q

intervertebral discs composition

A
  • anulus fibrosis

- nucleus pulposus

91
Q

anulus fibrosis composition

A

-outer ring of tough, dense fibrocartilage

92
Q

nucleus pulposus composition

A
  • softer, gelatinous inner region

- used for cushioning

93
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics regions

A
  • cervical region
  • thoracic region
  • lumbar region
94
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region

A
  • two cervical vertebrae
  • uniquely shaped
  • possess elements that allow for movement of the head and neck
95
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C1

A
  • Axis
  • posterior tubercle
  • condylar facets
  • fovea for the dens
96
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C1 posterior tubercle

A

-no spinous process or body

97
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C1 condylar facets

A
  • articulates with the occipital condyles of the skull

- allows for head extension/flexion

98
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C1 fovea for the dens

A

-rounded grooves for dens of axis

99
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C2

A
  • superior articular facets

- dens (odontoid process)

100
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C2 superior articular facets

A
  • inferior to C1

- contains body and spinous process

101
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C2 dens

A
  • rests against forea of atlas
  • bound together by transverse ligament
  • head rotation
102
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C3-C7

A
  • bifid(forked) spinous process
  • transverse foramina
  • smaller compared to lower regions
103
Q

what does bifid mean?

A

-it’s split in two

104
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: cervical region: C3-C7 transverse foramina

A

-allows passage of vertebral artery

105
Q

what are shared features among the vertebral foramen cerival region C1-C7?

A
  • lamina
  • superior/inferior articular facets
  • pedicle
  • transverse processes
106
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: thoracic region components

A
  • has spinous process (narrow, angled inferiorly)
  • has superior and anterior articular facets
  • ribs articulate with them^ at costal facets at two points
    • > demifacets & broad transverse processess
  • doesn’t have transverse foramen**
107
Q

vertebral foramen unique characteristics: lumbar region components

A
  • no costal facets**
  • broad, big, square spinous process
  • bears most of the weight
108
Q

types of natural abnormal spine curvatures

A
  • scoliosis
  • kyphosis
  • lordosis
109
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral curvature

110
Q

kyphosis

A
  • aka “hunch back”
  • thoracic region
  • vertebral column curves posteriorly
111
Q

lordosis

A
  • aka “sway back” or “booty back”
  • lumbar region
  • vertebral column curves excessively anteriorly
112
Q

sacrum

A
  • pelvic spine

- last major spine

113
Q

coccyx

A
  • aka “tailbone”
  • consists of 4 small vertebrae
  • vestigial
114
Q

fontanels

A
  • areas of hard bone
    • ->going through birth canal
  • brain growth
115
Q

hyoid bone

A

-located in the C3 vertebrae

Anatomy (41 decks)

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