Lymphatic System

Question 1

lymphoid tissue location

Answer 1

• abdomen

- pharynx

Question 2

lymph composition

Answer 2

• plasma
• plasma proteins
• lipids
• lymphocytes
• miscellaneous debris (bacteria, malignant cells)

Question 3

lymph function

Answer 3

• assists cardiovascular system in removal and transport of tissue fluid from extracellular spaces of body
• major role in the immunological defenses of the body against bacteria and viruses

Question 4

lymphatic vessels location

Answer 4

• widely distributed throughout the body

- run alongside the blood vessels within the loose CT

Question 5

lymphatic vessels structural characteristics

Answer 5

• varies in size

- anastomose

Question 6

define amastomose

Answer 6

-joins each other forming a network

Question 7

structural characteristics components

Answer 7

• lymphatic capillaries
• medium ducts
• lymphatic ducts
• lacteals

Question 8

lymphatic capillaries

Answer 8

• begins to blind-ended tubes
• small thin walled
• very permeable

Question 9

medium-large lymphatic vessels

Answer 9

• thicker walls
• smooth muscle fibers surround vessel
• have valves: permit fluid to flow in one direction only

Question 10

what are lymphatic ducts?

Answer 10

• largest lymphatic ducts

- thicker walls, valves

Question 11

lymphatic ducts components

Answer 11

• right lymphatic duct

- thoracic duct

Question 12

lacteal location

Answer 12

-located in intestine

Question 13

lacteal function

Answer 13

-transports products of fat digestion

Question 14

what are lymph nodes?

Answer 14

-small, oval, aggregations or clusters of lymphoid tissue

Question 15

lymph nodes location

Answer 15

• along the path of the lymphatic vessels
• throughout the body
• large clusters in cervical, axillary and inguinal regions

Question 16

lymph nodes function

Answer 16

• filtration

- production of lymphocytes

Question 17

lymph node filtration function

Answer 17

• filtration of lymph

- ->removal of foreign particles

Question 18

lymph node production of lymphocytes function

Answer 18

-produces T-cells and B-cells

Question 19

T-cells function

Answer 19

-destroys foreign material

Question 20

B-cells function

Answer 20

-produces antibodies

Question 21

lymph node structure

Answer 21

• enclosed in a fibrous capsule
• afferent vessels
• efferent vessels
• reticular fibers
• macrophages
• aggregations of T cells
• germinal centers

Question 22

afferent vessels function

Answer 22

-brings lymph to node

Question 23

efferent vessels function

Answer 23

-takes filtered lymph away from the node

Question 24

reticular fibers function

Answer 24

-form a meshwork which traps debris

Question 25

macrophages function

Answer 25

-engulfs and digests debris

Question 26

germinal centers function

Answer 26

-area when B-lymphocytes develop and become plasma cells which produce antibodies

Question 27

path of the transport of lymph**

Answer 27

(in order) - tissue - lymphatic capillaries - large lymphatic vessels - lymphatic ducts - venous system

Question 28

right lymphatic duct**

Answer 28

- drains upper right quadrant of the body | - empties its contents into the right subclavian vein

Question 29

thoracic duct**

Answer 29

- drains lymph from lower extremities, abdomen, left thorax, left head, and neck - empties into the left subclavian vein

Question 30

what results from lymph not having an elaborate pump to push fluid towards its destination?

Answer 30

-must travel upward (against the force of gravity using different factors

Question 31

what factors frontol the flow of lymph

Answer 31

- rhythmic contraction of skeletal muscles and smooth muscle of abdominal organs - negative pressure in thorax - valves

Question 32

how do muscles control lymph flow?

Answer 32

-they massage the vessels and help ush fluid along

Question 33

how do negative pressure control lymph flow?

Answer 33

-helps draw fluid up through thoracic duct

Question 34

how do valves control lymph flow?

Answer 34

-prevents the backflow fo lymph

Question 35

which lymphoid organs don't transport lymph but contain lymphoid tissue(aka lymphoid organs)?

Answer 35

- spleen - thymus - tonsils

Question 36

importance of having lymphoid tissue

Answer 36

- key role in body's immunological defense mechanism | - makes them called lymphoid organs

Question 37

spleen location

Answer 37

- upper left quadrant - posterolateral to stomach - level of 9th-11th ribs

Question 38

spleen structure/contents

Answer 38

- red pulp - white pulp - reticular fibers - sinusoids

Question 39

spleen red pulp

Answer 39

-consists of blood flowing through a meshwork of fibers

Question 40

spleen white pulp

Answer 40

-clusters of lymphoid tissue

Question 41

spleen reticular fibers

Answer 41

- meshwork of fibers | - traps debris passing through so macrophages can negluf it

Question 42

spleen sinusoids

Answer 42

-irregular passageways through which blood passes

Question 43

spleen function

Answer 43

- production of blood cells - storage - filtration - immune function

Question 44

production of blood cells splenic function

Answer 44

- fetal life: all cell types | - adult: usually only lymphocytes

Question 45

storage splenic function

Answer 45

- platelets - WBC and RBC - iron

Question 46

filtration splenic function**

Answer 46

- filters blood | - destroys and disposes of old RBCs

Question 47

immune function splenic function

Answer 47

-production of lymphocytes and antibodies

Question 48

thymus location

Answer 48

- bi-lobed mass of lymphoid tissue | - located beneath sternum

Question 49

thymus function

Answer 49

- during prenatal and postnatal development, it's responsible for production of T-lymphocytes ("trade school for T-lymphocytes") - degenerates at puberty

Question 50

tonsils general location

Answer 50

- clusters of lymphoid tissue | - deep to mucosa in 3 regions of pharnyx

Question 51

tonsils function

Answer 51

- act as a barrier to infection (bc they contain lymphocytes) - this destroys foreign material (like bacteria) as they enter the system

Question 52

types of tonsils

Answer 52

- lingual tonsils - pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) - palatine tonsils

Question 53

lingual tonsil location

Answer 53

-located on posterior 1/3 of tongue

Question 54

pharyngeal tonsil location

Answer 54

-located on root of posterior wall of nasopharynx

Question 55

palatine tonsil location

Answer 55

-extend into soft palate on each side of oropharynx