Anatomy > Muscle Histology > Flashcards

Muscle Histology Flashcards

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1
Q

function of muscle

A
  • motion and stability
  • internal organ function
  • maintains body temperature
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2
Q

motion and stability muscle function

A
  • moves skeleton

- maintains posture

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3
Q

internal organ muscle function

A
  • digestive (peristalsis)

- cardiac (heartbeat)

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4
Q

maintaining body temperature function

A

-muscle contraction (normal body temperature)

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5
Q

characteristics of muscle

A
  • irritability
  • contractility
  • extensibility
  • elasticity
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6
Q

irritability muscle characteristic

A

-receive and respond to stimulus from a neuron

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7
Q

contractility muscle characteristic

A

-respond by contracting (shortening)

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8
Q

extensibility muscle characteristic

A

-following contraction

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9
Q

define contraction

A

-a muscle will extend to its original length

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10
Q

elasticity muscle characteristic

A

-muscle will assume its desired shape after stretching

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11
Q

structure of muscle tissue

A
  • composed of fibers

- fibers contain “contractile proteins”

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12
Q

muscle tissue fiber composition

A

-long, thing cells of muscle tissue

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13
Q

muscle tissue contractile proteins

A
  • actin and myosin

- cells can shorten and produce movement

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14
Q

classifications of muscle

A
  • skeletal
  • smooth
  • cardiac
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15
Q

skeletal muscle classification

A
  • long multinucleated and striated
  • attached to skeleton
  • voluntary (under conscious control)
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16
Q

smooth muscle classification

A
  • composed of long cells containing one nucleus
  • found in GI tract and blood vessel walls
  • involuntary (not under conscious control)
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17
Q

cardiac muscle classification

A
  • composed of uni-nucleated branching cells; end-to-end
  • found only in heart
  • involuntary
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18
Q

skeletal muscle components

A
  • associated connective tissue
  • microscopic structure
  • muscle contraction
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19
Q

skeletal muscle associated CT components

A
  • attachments

- coverings

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20
Q

skeletal muscle attachments components

A
  • tendons

- aponeurosis

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21
Q

skeletal muscle tendon attachments

A
  • dense regular connective tissue

- muscle to bone

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22
Q

skeletal muscle aponeurosis

A
  • dense regular connective tissue

- thin, tendinous sheet

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23
Q

skeletal muscle coverings components

A
  • endomysium
  • perimysium
  • epimysium
  • fascia
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24
Q

skeletal muscle covering composition

A
  • organization of muscle

- tubes within tubes within tubes

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25
define fascicle
-made of muscle cells (fibers)
26
skeletal muscle endomysium covering
-loose CT covering individual muscle fibers (muscle cells)
27
skeletal muscle perimysium covering
-surrounds bundles of muscle fibers (fascicles)
28
skeletal muscle epimysium covering
-covers entire muscle belly
29
skeletal muscle fascia covering
-CT which binds several muscle groups together
30
define a muscle fiber
-a single skeletal muscle cell
31
skeletal muscle microscopic characteristics
- multinucleated | - contain numerous specialized cellular organelles
32
skeletal muscle microscopic structure components
- sarcoplasm - sarcolemma - t-tubule - sarcoplasmic reticulum - mitochondria - myofibril - myofilament - myoglobin - sarcomere
33
skeletal muscle sarcoplasm
-cytoplasm within muscle cells
34
skeletal muscle sarcolemma
- plasmalemma (cell membrane) | - just deep to endomysium
35
skeletal muscle t-tubule
- tube-like extension of sarcolemma | - transmits nerve impulse to sarcoplasmic reticulum
36
skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum
- basically smooth ER of muscle - stores a large amounts of calcium - when releases calcium triggers contraction
37
skeletal muscle mitochondria
- provide energy (ATP) via aerobic respiration | - ATP provides the energy to allow myosin to form crossbridges with the actin
38
skeletal muscle myofibril
-"contractile organelles"
39
skeletal muscle myofilament
- in myofibrils | - contain contractile proteins
40
skeletal muscle myoglobin
-red protein: contains iron, stores oxygen
41
skeletal muscle sarcomere
- many sarcomeres within myofibrils - smallest contractile unit - extends from Z band to Z band
42
define contractile organelles
-cylindrical units run entire length of muscle
43
components of myofilaments
- actin filaments | - myosin filaments
44
skeletal muscle actin filaments
- thin filaments | - closer to each end of sarcomere (near each Z line)
45
skeletal muscle myosin filaments
- thick filaments - center of the sarcomere - pulls actin inward (Z lines contracts)
46
skeletal muscle muscle contraction I band
- light band - contains actin - Z band located in the middle of the I band
47
skeletal muscle contraction A band
- dark band | - contains both actin and myosin
48
skeletal muscle sliding filament mechanism
- initiated by the release of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine from a nerve fiber** - results in the release of calcium within the muscle fiber which binds to the thin actin filaments
49
innervations of skeletal muscle
- neuromuscular junction | - motor unit
50
skeletal muscle neuromuscular junction
-point of contact between muscle fiber and axon of neuron which stimulates it
51
skeletal muscle motor unit "all or nothing" principle
-when a nerve impulse travels through a motor unit all of the fibers served by it contracts simultaneously to their maximum
52
first step in muscle excitation
-motor neuron releases neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh)
53
second step in muscle excitation
-ACh triggers action potential in sarcolemma (muscle cell membrane
54
third step in muscle excitation
-change in sarcolemma--> release of calcium ions from sarcoplasmic reticulum
55
fourth step in muscle excitation
-sarcomeres shorten--> myofibrils shorten--> muscle fibers shorten--> muscle contract
56
types of muscle fibers
- red slow twitch fibers - white fast twitch fibers - intermediate fast twitch fibers
57
myoglobin muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
-high
58
myoglobin muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
-little
59
myoglobin muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-high
60
mitochondria muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
-many
61
mitochondria muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
-few
62
mitochondria muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-many
63
capillaries muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
-many
64
capillaries muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
-few
65
capillaries muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-nany
66
what is the function of capillaries?
-deliver blood and oxygen
67
energy production muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
-aerobic metabolism for ATP production
68
energy production muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
- anaerobic pathways for ATP production | - ->lactic acid is by-product
69
energy production muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-aerobic
70
glycogen reserves muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
-none
71
glycogen reserves muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
-ranges
72
glycogen reserves muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-N/A
73
power muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
- high power | - sustained over a long period of time
74
power muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
-generates powerful contraction
75
power muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-powerful (less than white fast twitch)
76
fatigue muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
-fatigue resistant
77
fatigue muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
-quickly
78
fatigue muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-fatigue resistant (between red and white)
79
contraction time muscle fibers red slow twitch fibers
-contrast slowly for long periods of time
80
contraction time muscle fibers white fast twitch fibers
-fast contraction time
81
contraction time muscle fibers intermediate fast twitch fibers
-between red and white
82
examples of red slow twitch fibers
-posture (steady, prolonged contraction)
83
examples of white fast twitch fibers
- eye movement - lifting - throwing
84
examples of intermediate fast twitch fibers
-muscles of lower limbs (support and movement)
85
synergistic
-two or more muscles working together
86
antagonistic
-two or more muscles working against one another
87
concentric contraction
- causes tension on your muscle | - as it shortens, it generates enough force to move an object
88
concentric contraction example
- bicep curl | - lifting a weight
89
eccentric contraction
-motion of an active muscle while it is lengthening under load
90
eccentric contraction example
-lowering a weight
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