Muscles: Axial Skeleton Flashcards
frontal portion of occipitofrontalis location
-forehead
frontal portion of occipitofrontalis action
-raises the eyebrow
frontal portion of occipitofrontalis innervation
-facial
orbicularis oculi location
-surrounds orbit
orbicularis oculi action
-closes the eyelids
orbicularis oculi innervation
-facial
orbicularis oris location
-surrounds mouth
orbicularis oris action
-purses the lips (lips puckering)
orbicularis oris innervation
-facial
zygomaticus major location
- origin: zygomatic bone
- insertion: corner of mouth
zygomaticus major action
- unilaterally: lifts corners of mouth (with other muscles)
- bilateral: lifts corners of mouth (creates smiles)
zygomaticus major innervation
-facial
depressor anguli oris location
- origin: mandible
- insertion: corner of mouth
depressor anguli oris action
-depresses corners of mouth
depressor anguli oris innervation
-facial
levator labii superioris location
-insertion: upper lip of mouth
levator labii superioris action
-pulls upper lip up
levator labii superioris innervation
-facial
depressor labii inferioris location
-insertion: lower lip of mouth
depressor labii inferioris action
-pulls lower lip down
depressor labii inferioris innervation
-facial
buccinator location
-cheek
buccinator action
- compresses cheeks against teeth
- not a muscle in mastication**
buccinator innervation
-facial
platysma location
-neck under the chin
platysma action
- tenses the skin on the neck
- biggest muscle in the facial muscle
platysma innervation
-facial
temporalis location
- origin: lateral skull
- insertion: mandible
temporalis action
- covers good chunk of temporal
- elevates lower jaw (biting or closing the jaws)
- retract the lower jaw
- move jaw side-to-side
temporalis innervation
-trigeminal
masseter location
-insertion: lateral angle of mandible
masseter action
- helps pull the lower jaw upward
- causes the jaw to close while chewing (helps bite down/chew)
masseter innervation
-trigeminal
medial pterygoid location
-insertion: medial mandible near its angle
medial pterygoid action
-closing the jaw
medial pterygoid innervation
-trigeminal
lateral pterygoid location
-insertion: superior aspect of medial mandible
lateral pterygoid action
- depresses jaw
- moves it side-to-side
- syncs TMJ discs
lateral pterygoid insertion
-trigeminal
what are the names of the muscles of mastication?
- temporalis
- masseter
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
what are the names of the nine muscles of the scalp and face?
- frontal portion of occipitofrontalis
- orbicularis oculi
- orbicularis oris
- zygomaticus major
- depressor anguli oris
- levator labii superioris
- depressor labii inferioris
- buccinator
- platysma
ocular muscles function
- move eyes
- found in orbit
- four straight muscles
what is the anatomical name for the tongue?
-glossus
what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
- muscles that insert on the tongue but do not originate on the tongue
- allows for gross movement
hyoglossus location
- origin: hyoid bone
- insertion: tongue
hyoglossus action
- retracts the tongue
- depresses the tongue
hyoglossus innervation
-hypoglossal
genioglossus location
- origin: mandible
- insertion: tongue
genioglossus action
- protrudes the tongue
- originates anteriorly so pulls it forward
genioglossus innervation
-hypoglossal
styloglossus location
- origin: styloid process
- insertion: tongue
styloglossus action
-retracts tongue
styloglossus innervation
-hypoglossal
what are the muscles groups of the anterior neck?
- suprahyoid muscles
- infrahyoid muscles
suprahyoid muscle group location
- superior to hyoid
- anterior neck
suprahyoid muscle group action
- swallowing and moving the tongue (good for chewing and speech)
- responsible for positioning the hyoid bone
suprahyoid muscle group innervation
- trigeminal
- facial
infrahyoid muscle group location
- inferior to hyoid
- anterior neck
infrahyoid muscle group action
- swallowing and moving the tongue (good for chewing and speech)
- depress the hyoid
- movement of larynx
infrahyoid muscle group innervation
-hypoglossal
what are the muscles of the anterolateral neck?
- sternocleidomastoid (SCM)
- scalenus medius
sternocleidomastoid location
-anterolateral neck
sternocleidomastoid action
- unilateral: turns head opposite side
- bilateral: flexes head at neck
sternocleidomastoid innervation
-accessory (CN XI)
scalenus medius location
-deep to SCM
scalenus medius action
- unilateral: lateral neck flexion (tilted dog face)
- bilateral: some anterior neck flexion
scalenus medius innervation
-cervical nerves
what are the deep muscles of the back?
- erector spinae group
- quadratus lumborum
erector spinae group components
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis
erector spinae group iliocostalis location
-sacrum to skull
erector spinae group iliocostalis innervation
-spinal nerves
erector spinae group longissimus location
-deep along vertebral column
erector spinae group longissimus innervation
-spinal nerves
erector spinae group spinalis location
-to superficial muscles
erector spinae group spinalis innervation
-spinal nerves
erector spinae group action
- unilateral: lateral flexion of spine
- bilateral: extension of spine
quadratus lumborum location
-iliac crest to posterior abdominal wall and upper lumbar vertebrae
quadratus lumborum action
- unilateral:
- ->lateral flexion of the lumbar spine
- ->pulls the ribs down (especially floating ribs)
- bilateral:
- ->assist in respiration (breathing)
quadratus lumborum innervation
-T12 and upper lumbar nerves
what are the muscles of the abdominal wall?
- external oblique
- internal oblique
- transversus abdominis
- rectus abdominis
external oblique location
-superficial abdomen
external oblique action
-unilateral: lateral spine rotation
external oblique innervation
- thoracic nerves
- lumbar nerves
internal oblique location
-deep to external oblique
internal oblique action
- stabilize the spine
- support abdominal wall
internal oblique innervation
- thoracic nerves
- lumbar nerves
transversus abdominis location
-innermost abdomen
transversus abdominis action
- compresses abdominal contents (for defecation and urination)
- stabilizes spine
transversus abdominis innervation
- thoracic nerves
- lumbar nerves
rectus abdominis location
-superficial, medial abdomen
rectus abdominis action
-flexes the spine anteriorly
rectus abdominis innervation
- thoracic nerves
- lumbar nerves
what are the muscles of respiration?
- external intercostals
- internal intercostals
- diaphragm
external intercostals location
-between ribs
external intercostals action
- expand chest cavity (inhaling)
- primary component for respiration
external intercostals innervation
-intercostal nerves
internal intercostals location
-between ribs
internal intercostals action
-retracts ribs (exhaling)
internal intercostals innervation
-intercostal nerves
diaphragm location
-between thoracic and abdominal cavities
diaphragm action
-the main muscle of repiration
diaphragm innervation
-phrenic nerve
what are the muscles of the pelvic floor and perineum?
- urogenital diaphragm
- pelvic diaphragm
- ->levator ani
- ->coccygeus
- ->pubococcygeus
pelvic diaphragm location
-outlet of pelvis
pelvic diaphragm action
- support lower digestive and reproductive organs
- resists increases in intra-abdominal pressure
urogenital diaphragm location
-between 2 sides of pubic arch
urogenital diaphragm action
-support lower digestive and reproductive organs
urogenital diaphragm innervation
-sacral nerves
