Blood Vessels II

Question 1

pulmonary circuit

Answer 1

• responsible for the transport of blood to lungs for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
• responsible for the return of the blood afterwards, to the systemic circuit which transports it throughout the body

Question 2

pulmonary circuit components

Answer 2

-right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, & pulmonary arteries exchange O2 & CO2 through lungs to pulmonary veins & left atrium

Question 3

which components of the pulmonary circuit carry oxygenated blood?

Answer 3

• pulmonary veins

- left atrium

Question 4

which components of the pulmonary circuit carry deoxygenated blood?

Answer 4

• right ventricle
• pulmonary trunk
• pulmonary arteries

Question 5

portal system

Answer 5

• consists of two sets of capillary beds through which blood must travel before returning to the general circulation
• two sites for exchange of substance

Question 6

portal system components

Answer 6

• hepatic portal system**
• hypophyseal portal system**
• kidney portal system**

Question 7

hepatic portal system route

Answer 7

-intestines to liver

Question 8

hypophyseal portal system route

Answer 8

-hypothalamus to pituitary gland

Question 9

kidney portal system

Answer 9

-glomerulus to peritubular capillaries

Question 10

where does blood enter in the hepatic system?

Answer 10

enters liver from:

• hepatic artery
• portal vein

Question 11

hepatic artery

Answer 11

• 25% of all blood supply is with oxygen

- comes off of branch of celiac artery

Question 12

portal vein

Answer 12

-supplies 75% of blood supply

Question 13

what is the portal vein generally formed by?

Answer 13

-union of three veins that drain the small intestine, large intestine, and spleen

Question 14

what veins form the portal vein?

Answer 14

• superior mesenteric vein
• inferior mesenteric vein
• splenic vein

Question 15

superior mesenteric vein draining location

Answer 15

-drains small intestine

Question 16

inferior mesenteric vein draining location

Answer 16

-drains large intestine

Question 17

splenic vein draining location

Answer 17

-drains and carries blood from spleen

Question 18

hepatic system pathway (of blood flow)

Answer 18

fenestrated capillaries in intestines –> portal vein –> sinusoidal capillaries of liver –> blood drained in liver by hepatic vein –> enters inferior vena cava

Question 19

where do all systemic veins drain into?

Answer 19

-superior vena cava(SVC) or inferior vena cava(IVC)

Question 20

which systemic vein doesn’t drain into neither of the vena cavas?

Answer 20

-cardiac vein

Question 21

where does the superior vena cava receive blood from?

Answer 21

tissues and organs of:

• head
• neck
• chest
• shoulders
• upper limbs

Question 22

dural sinuses

Answer 22

• folds of dura

- transport venous blood from brain to the internal jugular

Question 23

internal jugular

Answer 23

• receives blood from the dural venous sinuses
• descends parallel to the common carotid artery in the neck
• transports blood to the brachiocephalic veins

Question 24

external jugular

Answer 24

• drains blood from superficial head and face

- transports it to the subclavian veins

Question 25

brachiocephalic veins

Answer 25

- receive blood from the jugular veins and the subclavian veins - transports it to the superior vena cava

Question 26

superior vena cava

Answer 26

- receives venous blood from jugular veins and subclavian veins - transports it to the right atrium of the heart

Question 27

inferior vena cava

Answer 27

- receives blood from abdomen, pelvis, and lower limb | - transports it to the right atrium

Question 28

digital veins (upper limb)

Answer 28

- empty into the superficial and deep palmar veins of the hand which interconnect into the palmar venous arches - deep palmar veins drain into radial and ulnar veins

Question 29

radial and ulnar veins

Answer 29

-deep veins draining blood from the hand and forearm

Question 30

cephalic vein**

Answer 30

-superficial vein located along the lateral side of the upper limb

Question 31

basilic vein**

Answer 31

-superficial vein located along the medial side of the upper limb

Question 32

median cubital vein**

Answer 32

- superficial vein anterior elbow area (antecubital fossa) - interconnects cephalic and basilic veins - common site for drawing blood (venipuncture)

Question 33

why is the median cubital vein good for venipuncture?**

Answer 33

- superficial: less risk of damage to surrounding structures | - low blood pressure: less risk of leakage

Question 34

brachial vein

Answer 34

- lies parallel to brachial artery | - receives blood from basilic vein before entering the axilla as the axillary vein

Question 35

axillary vein

Answer 35

- located along the medial surface of biceps brachii muscle and in the axilla - receives blood from the deep and superficial veins for upper limb and transports it to the subclavian vein

Question 36

subclavian vein

Answer 36

- receives bloodf rom the axillary vein | - transports it to the brachiocephalic

Question 37

dorsal and plantar venous arches

Answer 37

-collects blood from capillaries of th foot and the digital veins of the toes

Question 38

tibial an fibular veins

Answer 38

-deep veins draining blood from the leg

Question 39

popliteal vein

Answer 39

- formed by the union of the tibial and fibular veins | - once it reaches the femur, the popliteal becomes the femoral vein

Question 40

great saphenous vein**

Answer 40

- superficial vein along the medial side of the lower limb | - frequently used in bypass surgery to replace blocked coronary arteries

Question 41

femoral vein

Answer 41

- ascends along the thigh next to the femoral artery - immediately before entering abdominal wall, femoral vein receives blood from the great saphenous vein - as it enter pelvic cavity, it becomes the external iliac vein

Question 42

external iliac vein

Answer 42

- emerges in pelvic cavity due to femoral vein | - receives blood from lower limbs

Question 43

internal iliac vein

Answer 43

-transports venous blood from organs located in pelvic cavity

Question 44

common iliac vein

Answer 44

- formed by union of external and internal iliac veins | - left and right common iliac veins unite t form inferior vena cava

Question 45

renal veins

Answer 45

-collect blood from kidneys and transport it to the inferior vena cava

Question 46

gonadal veins

Answer 46

-drains ovaries and testes -right gonadal vein empties into IVC left gonadal usually drains into left renal vein

Question 47

hepatic portal vein

Answer 47

- formed by union of superior and inferior mesenteric veins and the splenic vein - transports nutrient rich, poorly oxygenated blood to liver

Question 48

superior mesenteric vein

Answer 48

-collects blood from small intestine

Question 49

inferior mesenteric vein

Answer 49

-collects blood from large intestine (colon and rectum)

Question 50

splenic vein

Answer 50

-transports blood from spleen