Nervous System VI: Autonomic Nervous System

Question 1

autonomic nervous system definition

Answer 1

• a motor system
• regulates the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
• responds to external factors to maintain homeostasis
• has components in both CNS and PNS

Question 2

the ANS involves a two neuron chain containing what two neurons?

Answer 2

• preganglionic neuron

- postganglionic neuron

Question 3

preganglionic neuron location

Answer 3

• cell body is located in CNS

- axon from this neuron exits CNS through a cranial or spinal nerve

Question 4

which neuron in the two neuron chain synapses onto the other

Answer 4

-preganglionic neuron synapses on the postganglionic neuron

Question 5

postganglionic neuron location

Answer 5

• cell body located in PNS autonomic ganglion

- axon of this neuron innervates smooth muscle, cardiac, muscle, and glands

Question 6

what are the two subdivisions of the ANS?

Answer 6

• sympathetic

- parasympathetic

Question 7

how do the two subdivisions of the ANS differ?

Answer 7

• location of their pre and postganglionic neurons
• neurotransmitter
• effect**

Question 8

sympathetic division location

Answer 8

-thoracolumbar nerve fibers from thoracic and upper portions of spinal cord T1-L2

Question 9

location of sympathetic division components

Answer 9

-gray matter of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

Question 10

sympathetic division: preganglionic neuron

Answer 10

• all thoracic nerve (T1-T12)

- upper lumbar nerve(L1-L2)

Question 11

what does the preganglionic nerve from sympathetic division synapse with?

Answer 11

-postganglionic neuron with sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral chain ganglion)

Question 12

sympathetic division: postganglionic neuron

Answer 12

• neuron after ganglion

- nerve cell body located in paravertebral chain ganglion or prevertebral ganglion

Question 13

sympathetic division: paravertebral ganglia

Answer 13

-long vertical interconnected chain of ganglia that runs alongside the spinal column

Question 14

sympathetic division: prevertebral ganglia

Answer 14

• found anterior to vertebral column

- found in abdomen and pelvis

Question 15

sympathetic division autonomic neurotransmitters components

Answer 15

• preganglionic neuron: acetylcholine**

- postganglionic neuron: norepinephrine**

Question 16

sympathetic division general effect

Answer 16

• fight or flight response

- (i.e. short term response, requires increased energy)

Question 17

sympathetic division: adrenal medulla

Answer 17

-contains cell derived from opstganglionic neurons

Question 18

sympathetic division: adrenal medulla location

Answer 18

-on the superior pole of the kidney

Question 19

sympathetic division: adrenal medulla secretions

Answer 19

• epinephrine

- norepinephrine

Question 20

parasympathetic division

Answer 20

-craniosacral nerve fibers come from brain and sacral portion of spinal cord

Question 21

parasympathetic division location of components

Answer 21

• preganglionic neurons

- postganglionic neurons

Question 22

parasympathetic division preganglionic neurons

Answer 22

• nuclei of cranial nerves located in the brain stem**

- nuclei in sacral region of spinal cord (S2-S4)

Question 23

parasympathetic division preganglionic neurons nuclei cranial nerves

Answer 23

• oculomotor (III)**
• facial (VII)**
• glossopharyngeal (IX)**
• vagus (X)**

Question 24

parasympathetic division postganglionic neurons location

Answer 24

• located close to organ innervated

- i.e. eye, sensory glands, thoracic cavity

Question 25

parasympathetic division neurotransmitter components

Answer 25

• preganglionic: acetylcholine

- postganglionic: acetylcholine

Question 26

parasympathetic division general effect

Answer 26

• resting/digesting
• active when body at rest
• long term response

Question 27

each division’s effect on heart

Answer 27

• sympathetic: heart rate increases

- parasympathetic: heart rate decreases

Question 28

each division’s effect on smooth muscle of bronchioles

Answer 28

• sympathetic: dilate

- parasympathetic: constrict

Question 29

each division’s effect on urinary bladder

Answer 29

• sympathetic: relax/fill

- parasympathetic:contract/expand

Question 30

each division’s effect on digestive tract

Answer 30

• sympathetic: decrease

- parasympathetic: increase

Question 31

each division’s effect on sweat galnds

Answer 31

• sympathetic: increase

- parasympathetic: no effect

Question 32

each division’s effect on arrector pili

Answer 32

• sympathetic: hair stands

- parasympathetic: neutral

Question 33

each division’s effect on eye

Answer 33

• sympathetic: dilate

- parasympathetic: constrict

Question 34

vasoconstriction

Answer 34

-constriction of blood vessels

Question 35

difference between somatic and autonomic motor: movements

Answer 35

• sensory: conscious and voluntary

- autonomic: not under conscious control (involuntary)

Question 36

difference between somatic and autonomic motor: # of neurons

Answer 36

• sensory: single neuron to effects(motor unit)

- autonomic: two neuron chain (pre & postganglionic)

Question 37

difference between somatic and autonomic motor: myelination

Answer 37

• sensory: thick/heavy myelinated

- autonomic: pre=myelinated & post=unmyelinated

Question 38

difference between somatic and autonomic motor: conduction rates

Answer 38

• sensory: rapid conduction of impulse innervates skeletal muscle
• autonomic: slow conduction of an impulse smooth muscle, cardiac and glands

Question 39

difference between somatic and autonomic motor: stimulation differences

Answer 39

• sensory: always stimulatory

- autonomic: may be stimulatory or inhibitory