Nervous System VI: Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

autonomic nervous system definition

A
  • a motor system
  • regulates the activity of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands
  • responds to external factors to maintain homeostasis
  • has components in both CNS and PNS
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2
Q

the ANS involves a two neuron chain containing what two neurons?

A
  • preganglionic neuron

- postganglionic neuron

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3
Q

preganglionic neuron location

A
  • cell body is located in CNS

- axon from this neuron exits CNS through a cranial or spinal nerve

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4
Q

which neuron in the two neuron chain synapses onto the other

A

-preganglionic neuron synapses on the postganglionic neuron

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5
Q

postganglionic neuron location

A
  • cell body located in PNS autonomic ganglion

- axon of this neuron innervates smooth muscle, cardiac, muscle, and glands

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6
Q

what are the two subdivisions of the ANS?

A
  • sympathetic

- parasympathetic

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7
Q

how do the two subdivisions of the ANS differ?

A
  • location of their pre and postganglionic neurons
  • neurotransmitter
  • effect**
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8
Q

sympathetic division location

A

-thoracolumbar nerve fibers from thoracic and upper portions of spinal cord T1-L2

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9
Q

location of sympathetic division components

A

-gray matter of thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

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10
Q

sympathetic division: preganglionic neuron

A
  • all thoracic nerve (T1-T12)

- upper lumbar nerve(L1-L2)

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11
Q

what does the preganglionic nerve from sympathetic division synapse with?

A

-postganglionic neuron with sympathetic chain ganglia (paravertebral chain ganglion)

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12
Q

sympathetic division: postganglionic neuron

A
  • neuron after ganglion

- nerve cell body located in paravertebral chain ganglion or prevertebral ganglion

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13
Q

sympathetic division: paravertebral ganglia

A

-long vertical interconnected chain of ganglia that runs alongside the spinal column

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14
Q

sympathetic division: prevertebral ganglia

A
  • found anterior to vertebral column

- found in abdomen and pelvis

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15
Q

sympathetic division autonomic neurotransmitters components

A
  • preganglionic neuron: acetylcholine**

- postganglionic neuron: norepinephrine**

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16
Q

sympathetic division general effect

A
  • fight or flight response

- (i.e. short term response, requires increased energy)

17
Q

sympathetic division: adrenal medulla

A

-contains cell derived from opstganglionic neurons

18
Q

sympathetic division: adrenal medulla location

A

-on the superior pole of the kidney

19
Q

sympathetic division: adrenal medulla secretions

A
  • epinephrine

- norepinephrine

20
Q

parasympathetic division

A

-craniosacral nerve fibers come from brain and sacral portion of spinal cord

21
Q

parasympathetic division location of components

A
  • preganglionic neurons

- postganglionic neurons

22
Q

parasympathetic division preganglionic neurons

A
  • nuclei of cranial nerves located in the brain stem**

- nuclei in sacral region of spinal cord (S2-S4)

23
Q

parasympathetic division preganglionic neurons nuclei cranial nerves

A
  • oculomotor (III)**
  • facial (VII)**
  • glossopharyngeal (IX)**
  • vagus (X)**
24
Q

parasympathetic division postganglionic neurons location

A
  • located close to organ innervated

- i.e. eye, sensory glands, thoracic cavity

25
parasympathetic division neurotransmitter components
- preganglionic: acetylcholine | - postganglionic: acetylcholine
26
parasympathetic division general effect
- resting/digesting - active when body at rest - long term response
27
each division's effect on heart
- sympathetic: heart rate increases | - parasympathetic: heart rate decreases
28
each division's effect on smooth muscle of bronchioles
- sympathetic: dilate | - parasympathetic: constrict
29
each division's effect on urinary bladder
- sympathetic: relax/fill | - parasympathetic:contract/expand
30
each division's effect on digestive tract
- sympathetic: decrease | - parasympathetic: increase
31
each division's effect on sweat galnds
- sympathetic: increase | - parasympathetic: no effect
32
each division's effect on arrector pili
- sympathetic: hair stands | - parasympathetic: neutral
33
each division's effect on eye
- sympathetic: dilate | - parasympathetic: constrict
34
vasoconstriction
-constriction of blood vessels
35
difference between somatic and autonomic motor: movements
- sensory: conscious and voluntary | - autonomic: not under conscious control (involuntary)
36
difference between somatic and autonomic motor: # of neurons
- sensory: single neuron to effects(motor unit) | - autonomic: two neuron chain (pre & postganglionic)
37
difference between somatic and autonomic motor: myelination
- sensory: thick/heavy myelinated | - autonomic: pre=myelinated & post=unmyelinated
38
difference between somatic and autonomic motor: conduction rates
- sensory: rapid conduction of impulse innervates skeletal muscle - autonomic: slow conduction of an impulse smooth muscle, cardiac and glands
39
difference between somatic and autonomic motor: stimulation differences
- sensory: always stimulatory | - autonomic: may be stimulatory or inhibitory