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Anatomy > The Eye > Flashcards

The Eye Flashcards

1
Q

structures of the eye

A
  • eyebrow/eyelid/eyelashes
  • conjunctiva
  • lacrimal gland
  • nasolacrimal duct
  • extrinsic muscles of the eye
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2
Q

eyebrow/eyelash function

A

-protects eye from dust and foreign objects

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3
Q

eyelid function

A

-protects eye from foreign objects

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4
Q

eyebrow/eyelid/eyelashes function

A
  • keeps eye moist

- contains a small amount of cartilage

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5
Q

conjunctiva structure

A

-thin mucus membrane

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6
Q

conjunctiva location

A
  • on the inner surface (on the back part) of the eyelid and sclera
  • doesn’t cover the cornea
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7
Q

sclera location

A

-white part of the anterior surface of the eyeball

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8
Q

conjunctivitis**

A
  • pink eye

- can be inflamed and diffusely reddened sure to viral infection

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9
Q

lacrimal gland

A
  • upper cornea of the orbit
  • secretes tears with parth of flow
    • ->upper lateral portion of eye to inferior medial part
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10
Q

what nerve controls the lacrimal gland?

A

-facial nerve (CN VII)

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11
Q

nasolacrimal duct

A

-passes from medial corner of the orbit and lateral nose to the nasal cavity

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12
Q

extrinsic muscles of the eye

A
  • these muscles allow for superior, inferior, medial lateral rotational
  • controlled by skeletal muscles
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13
Q

eyeball layers

A
  • outermost
  • middle
  • innermost
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14
Q

outermost eye components

A
  • sclera

- cornea

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15
Q

outermost eye: sclera location

A
  • called the white of eye
  • tough outermost layer of CT
  • continuous with dura mater
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16
Q

outermost eye: sclera function

A

-protects the sensitive inner structure and gives shape

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17
Q

outermost eye: cornea location

A
  • transparent anterior portion that bulges

- covers iris, pupils and anterior chamlar

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18
Q

is the cornea vascular or avascular?

A
  • avascular

- oxygen diffuses from vessels in sclera

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19
Q

is the middle eye vascular or avascular?

A

vascular

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20
Q

middle eye components

A
  • choroid
  • ciliary body
  • iris
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21
Q

middle eye: choroid function

A

-combines blood vessels supplying interior of eyeball

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22
Q

middle eye: ciliary body

A

-contains muscle which changes shape of the lens

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23
Q

middle eye: iris

A
  • colored/pigmented smooth muscle

- regulates size of pupil to protect retina from strong light

24
Q

what is the innermost eye called?

A

-retina (has 10 layers)

25
Q

retina structure

A
  • one outer pigment layer

- ->black in color which absorbs light rays

26
Q

retina components

A
  • pigmented layer

- nervous layer

27
Q

retina pigmented layer

A

-only one layer

28
Q

retina nervous layer

A
  • nine layers

- 3 of them involved in conduction of image

29
Q

which nervous layers are involved in the conduction of image?

A
  • rods (dim light) and cones (color)
  • bipolar cells
  • ganglion cells
30
Q

what are the steps in the visual response pathway?

A
  • the stimulation of the photoreceptor cells of the retina(rods & cones) as light reached them
  • impulses generated from retina are passed onto optic nerve and then to visual centers in cortex(occipital lobe)
31
Q

optic nerve composition/location

A
  • composed of axons from ganglion cell layer of retina (forms optic nerve and passes back towards brain)
  • extends from posterior side of eye
32
Q

optic nerve function

A

-transmits impulse to visual pathway

33
Q

fovea centralis

A

-area of most acute vision/sharpest vision

34
Q

optic disc

A
  • aka “blind spot”
  • where optic nerve enters with blood vessels
  • no cells of retina here**
35
Q

visual pathway path

A

retina–> optic nerve–> optic chiasm–> optic tract –> lateral geniculate (thalamus) –> optic radiations –> visual (occipital cortex)

36
Q

lens

A
  • changes shape to help bend light rays

- brings them into sharp focus on the retina

37
Q

lens characteristics

A
  • crystal clear/transparent
  • contains elastic CT
  • composed of protein
38
Q

what is the len’s adaptability called?

A

-accomodation

39
Q

what happens if there’s excess protein in the lens

A
  • the lens becomes cloudy

- cloudy lens is called a cataract

40
Q

cavities components

A
  • anterior cavity (anterior to lens)

- posterior cavity (posterior to lens)

41
Q

the anterior cavity is composed of what two chambers?

A
  • anterior chamber

- posterior chamber

42
Q

the anterior cavity’s chambers contain what?

A

-aqueous humor

43
Q

aqueous humor

A
  • a clear liquid produced by “ciliary body”

- continually produced

44
Q

glaucoma

A

-if the aqueous humor isn’t drained through channels, the increases in pressure causes blindness (this is called glaucoma)

45
Q

posterior cavity

A
  • aka vitreous chamber

- contains vitreous humor

46
Q

vitreous humor composition

A

-clear, gelatinous substance produced during embryonic development

47
Q

vitreous humor function

A

-maintains pressure and shape of eyeball

48
Q

how is the eye supplied with blood?

A
  • vessels enter with optic nerve coming off branches of internal carotid artery
  • vessels in choroid layer come in laterally
49
Q

what needs to happen for optimum vision?

A
  • light must be focused on the retina
  • amount of light reaching retina must be regulated
  • all controlled by ANS
50
Q

what does the eye do for optimal vision?

A
  • change in shape of lens (aka accommodation)
  • alteration in size of lens
  • convergence
51
Q

accomodation overall functional components

A
  • focuses on a far object

- focuses on a nearby object

52
Q

how does the eye focus on a far object?

A
  • ciliary muscles relax

- lens move back and stretched out by suspensory ligaments (bc lens is thin)

53
Q

how does the eye focus on a close object?

A
  • ciliary muscles tense up (get larger)

- lens move forward

54
Q

what is convergence?

A

-eyeballs rotate medially for better focusing of light when viewing an object close up

55
Q

altering size of pupils overall functional components

A
  • dilation

- constriction

56
Q

dilation

A
  • muscle that runs radially (in smooth muscle)

- controlled by oculomotor nerve

57
Q

constriction

A
  • muscle turns in circular direction (in smooth muscle)

- controlled by oculomotor nerve

Anatomy (41 decks)

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