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Anatomy > Blood Vessels I > Flashcards

Blood Vessels I Flashcards

1
Q

what do blood vessels transport?

A
  • gases
  • nutrients
  • waste products
  • hormones
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2
Q

blood vessels transport which gases?

A
  • oxygen from lungs

- carbon dioxide from cells

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3
Q

blood vessels transport which nutrients?

A
  • carbohydrates
  • lipids
  • amino acids
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4
Q

blood vessels transport waste products to where?

A

-from cells to kidneys and cells for excretion

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5
Q

blood vessels transport waste products to where?

A

-hormones of endocrine system to cells and tissues

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6
Q

blood vessel function

A
  • pulsate
  • constrict
  • dilate
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7
Q

lumen

A

-opening/internal of the blood vessels tubular structure

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8
Q

tunics

A

-multilayered walls of the blood vessel which surround this opening/lumen

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9
Q

tunica externa composition

A
  • superficial layer

- made of CT (specifically elastic fibers: collagen)

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10
Q

tunica externa function

A

-protects vessel

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11
Q

why is the tunica externa of an artery much thicker than that of a vein?

A
  • has higher blood pressure

- leaving aorta at high pressure

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12
Q

tunica media composition

A
  • middle layer

- smooth muscle

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13
Q

tunica media function

A

-to regulate diameter of a blood vessel by vasodilation and vasoconstriction

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14
Q

tunica media vasodilation

A

-relaxes to increase diameter

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15
Q

tunica media vasoconstriction

A

-constricts to decrease diameter

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16
Q

tunica intima composition

A
  • aka endothelium
  • innermost layer in direct contact with blood in lumen of the vessel
  • simple squamous epithelium
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17
Q

tunica intima function

A
  • allows for exchange in capillaries

- produces nitric oxide (important for blood flow control)

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18
Q

blood is propelled in what which closed circuits?

A
  • pulmonary circuit

- systemic circuit

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19
Q

pulmonary circuit

A
  • transports blood from heart to lungs where exchange of O2 and CO2 occurs
  • then returns blood to heart
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20
Q

systemic circuit

A

-transports blood throughout body to all other organs for nutrient, gas, and waste exchange

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21
Q

only which blood vessel has tunica intima?

A

-capillaries

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22
Q

types of blood vessels

A
  • arteries
  • arterioles
  • capillaries
  • venules
  • veins
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23
Q

which blood vessels have all three tunics?

A
  • arteries

- arterioles

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24
Q

arteries location

A

-elastic fibers are present along wtih smooth muscle in their tunica media

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25
Q

arteries function (at highest velocity and pressure)

A
  • fibers allow them to expand and recoil
  • carry blood away from heart
  • channel blood to tissues
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26
Q

arterioles function

A

-regulates amount of blood flow to tissues bases on tissue’s energy needed

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27
Q

arteriole precapillary sphincter composition

A

found in:

  • smooth muscle
  • arteriole and capillary bed
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28
Q

how is the diameter of arterioles regulated?

A
  • from local factors (nitric oxide,O2/CO2 levels)

- sympathetic nervous system

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29
Q

how do local factors regulate the diameter of arterioles?

A

-levels in tissues signal smooth muscles to contract/relax, thus regulating how much blood enters capillary bed

30
Q

how does the sympathetic nervous system regulate the diameter of arterioles?

A
  • increase in sympathetic activity causes widespread vasoconstriction of tunica media in most arterioles
  • dilates blood vessels of heart and skeletal muscle
31
Q

capillaries function (at lowest velocity and pressure)

A

-controls velocity and pressure of blood flow

32
Q

capillaries function (at highest velocity and pressure)

A

-controls cross-sectional area

33
Q

capillaries composition

A
  • tunica intima only**

- simple squamous epithelium (very thin)

34
Q

why are capillaries the only vessels that permit exchange of water, gases, nutrients, waste products, and hormones between blood and interstitial fluids?

A

-one cell layer and low velocity/pressure/area, they’re adapted to allow increased perfusion and diffusion of material across cell membrane

35
Q

venules composition

A
  • B tunics (very thin)

- less smooth muscle than arterioles

36
Q

venules function

A

-collect blood from capillaries and transport it to veins

37
Q

veins composition

A
  • large lumen and thing walls

- fewer elastic and muscle fibers than arteries

38
Q

which blood vessels contain valves that prevent backflow?

A

-veins of the lower limbs

39
Q

why are veins known as “compliant”?

A

-easily stretch/expand so their diameter can increase and hold more blood (aka blood reservoirs)

40
Q

venoconstriction

A
  • constriction of smooth muscle occurs w/ an increase in sympathetic innervation
  • leads to the redistributes available blood to needed sites
41
Q

aortic arch

A
  • “curves like a cane”
  • curving across the superior surface of the heart
  • connects the ascending with the descending aorta
42
Q

which arteries arise from the aortic arch?

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid artery
  • left subclavian
43
Q

brachiocephalic trunk

A
  • located on the right

- gives off the right common carotid and the right subclavian

44
Q

left common carotid artery

A
  • travels superiorly along lateral neck

- divides into internal and external carotids

45
Q

left subclavian

A
  • supplies shoulder area

- becomes the axillary

46
Q

left or right subclavian

A
  • passes under the clavicle

- supplies shoulder anc becomes the axillary artery

47
Q

axillary

A

-supplies the muscles of the pectoral region and axilla and becomes the brachial artery

48
Q

brachial

A
  • supplies arm

- divides to become radial(lateral) and ulnar(medial) arteries

49
Q

radial and ulnar arteries

A

-supplies the forearm

50
Q

palmar arches

A
  • arise from radial and ullnar

- gives off the digital arteries of thumb and fingers

51
Q

common carotid arteries

A
  • locaetd by pressing gently on either side of trachea

- divides at level of larynx into external and internal carotid arteries

52
Q

internal carotid artery

A

-supplies the brain

53
Q

external carotid artery

A

-supplies head and face

54
Q

vertebral arteries

A
  • arise form subclavians

- travel through the transverse foramina of cervical vertebra to supply brain

55
Q

abdominal aorta

A
  • begins immediately inferior to diaphragm

- descends to left of vertebral column but posterior to peritoneal cavity

56
Q

what are the branches of the abdominal aorta?

A
  • celiac trunk
  • superior mesenteric
  • renal
  • gonadal
  • inferior mesenteric
57
Q

celiac trunk gives off what arteries?

A
  • gastric artery (supplies stomach)
  • splenic artery (supplies spleen)
  • hepatic artery (supplies liver)
58
Q

superior mesenteric

A

-supplies small intestine

59
Q

renal

A

-supplies kidneys

60
Q

gonadal

A

-supplies gonads (ovary and testes)

61
Q

inferior mesenteric

A

-supplies large intestine/colon and rectum

62
Q

the inferior most portion of the aorta divides in the pelvis to form what?

A

-common iliac artries

63
Q

the common iliac arteries divide into what?

A
  • internal iliac

- external iliac

64
Q

internal iliac

A

-enters the pelvic cavity to supply urinary bladder, walls of pelvis, and external genetalia

65
Q

external iliac

A

-passes out of pelvis to become femoral artery

66
Q

femoral artery supplies the thigh

A

-becomes popliteal artery

67
Q

popliteal artery

A

-crosses the popliteal fossa (posterior knee) before branching to form anterior and posterior tibial arteries

68
Q

anterior tibial

A
  • supplies the anterior portion of leg and foot

- when it reaches ankle it becomes the dorsalis pedis artery

69
Q

posterior tibial

A
  • supplies posterior leg
  • as it reaches ankle it divides to form medial and lateral arteries
    • ->which supply the plantar surface of foot and connect to for dorsal and plantar arches
70
Q

dorsalis pedis

A
  • branch of anterior tibial
  • located on dorsal surface of foot
  • pulse taken here to check circulation of lower body
71
Q

dorsal and plantar arches

A

-small arteries branching off these arches supply distal portion of foot and toe (digitals)

Anatomy (41 decks)

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