Nervous System IV: Brain I Flashcards
human brain components
- cerebrum
- cerebellum
- brain stem
what is the cerebrum divided into?
- left and right hemispheres
- responsible for control of a variety of specific activities
corpus collosum function
- large fiber bundle
- allows for the transfer of info back and forth between both hemispheres
what are tracts?
-fiber bundles
tracts function
-provide connection between the cerebral hemispheres and the rest of the nervous system
what are the layers of the cerebrum
- gray matter (cerebral cortex)
- white matter
- lobes of the cerebrum
gray matter composition
-neuron cell bodies (NCB)
gray matter components
- gyri
- sulci
- fissure
gray matter gyri
- ridges of brain
- raised areas between sulci
gray matter sulci
-narrow grooves (formed from NCB)
gray matter fissure
-deep grooves (formed from NCB)
corpus callosum composition
-made of myelinated axons
white matter composition
-made of myelinated axons
lobes of the cerebrum
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe
- temporal lobe
- occipital lobe
- insula lobe
frontal lobe
-motor movement
parietal lobe
-sensory
temporal lobe
-auditory
occipital lobe
-visual
insula
- deep to the lateral sulcus
- function isn’t known
brodmann’s areas components
- primary motor area
- primary sensory area
another name for primary motor area?
-pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe
another name for primary sensory area?
-post-central gyrus of parietal lobe
primary motor area location numerically
-4
primary sensory location numerically
-3, 2, 1
primary motor area function
-controls movement
primary sensory area function
-awareness of sensory signals
areas for hearing components
- primary auditory area
- auditory association area
areas for hearing location
-temporal lobe
areas for hearing location numerically
-41, 42
primary auditory area function
-determines characteristics of sound, pitch/rhythm
auditory association area function
-determines speech, music, noise, etc
areas for vision location
-occipital lobe
areas for vision location numerically
-17, 18, 19
areas for vision components
- primary visual cortex
- visual association area
primary visual cortex function
-sensory from retina: shape, color, movement
visual association area
-relates present to past visual experiences
areas for language components
- broca’s area
- wernicke’s area
broca’s area location numerically
-44, 45
broca’s area location
-frontal lobe
broca’s area function
-motor speech (speech formation), pre planned voluntary muscle movements
what is the impact on broca’s area after a stroke?
-can comprehend words/sentences but can’t pronounce words
wernicke’s area location numerically
22
wernicke’s area location
-where temporal and parietal lobes meet
wernicke’s area function
-language and comprehension
what is the impact on wernicke’s area after a stroke?
-can speak but cannot express themselves in sentences with any meaning
what major pairs of blood vessels supply the brain?
- internal carotid artery
- vertebral artery
internal carotid artery
-lateral side of neck
vertebral artery
-passes through transverse foramen of cervical vertebra
circle of willis
- located on the inferior surface of the brain**
- it’s when the branches of the blood vessels of the brain are united
major branches of the internal carotid
- middle cerebral artery
- anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery function
-supplies blood to lateral part of brain
what happens if the middle cerebral artery is blocked?
-lose sensation and motor function of the upper body
anterior cerebral artery function
-supplies anterior and medial parts of brain
what happens if the anterior cerebral artery is blocked?
-lose sensation and motor function of lower body
venous drainage function
- receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain
- receives CSF from subarachnoid space
- empties into the intrajugular vein
dural venous sinuses location
-channels found between layers of dura mater
ventricles
-cavities in the brain
cerebrospinal fluid
- aka CSF
- produced within ventricles
- produced by choroid plexuses
choroid plexuses
- specialized vascular compelx on the rood of the 3rd and 4th ventricles
- cluster of microvillus capillaries of ependymal cells lining the cavity
CSF pathway
lateral ventricle–> third ventricle–> aqueduct of midbrain–> fourth ventricle–> subarachnoid space
arachnoid granulations
-CSF carrying waste products of CNS drain into the arachnoid meninges (specifically internal jugular vein)
limbic system
- formed by many parts of the brain
- function: controls emotions, sex drive, major memory center
basal ganglia
- initiates movement in an adult
- controls movements of newborn babies
substantia nigra
-moved in gross movements
what happens when the substantia nigra is damaged?
- decrease in production of dopamine
- results in development of Parkinson’s disease
hippocampus
- deals with memory and spatial navigation
- necessary for making new memories
- remembering where we are
what happens if there’s damage to the hippocampus?
-they could develop alzheimer’s disease because they have trouble remembering what you just said or where they are
