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Anatomy > Nervous System IV: Brain I > Flashcards

Nervous System IV: Brain I Flashcards

1
Q

human brain components

A
  • cerebrum
  • cerebellum
  • brain stem
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2
Q

what is the cerebrum divided into?

A
  • left and right hemispheres

- responsible for control of a variety of specific activities

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3
Q

corpus collosum function

A
  • large fiber bundle

- allows for the transfer of info back and forth between both hemispheres

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4
Q

what are tracts?

A

-fiber bundles

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5
Q

tracts function

A

-provide connection between the cerebral hemispheres and the rest of the nervous system

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6
Q

what are the layers of the cerebrum

A
  • gray matter (cerebral cortex)
  • white matter
  • lobes of the cerebrum
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7
Q

gray matter composition

A

-neuron cell bodies (NCB)

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8
Q

gray matter components

A
  • gyri
  • sulci
  • fissure
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9
Q

gray matter gyri

A
  • ridges of brain

- raised areas between sulci

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10
Q

gray matter sulci

A

-narrow grooves (formed from NCB)

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11
Q

gray matter fissure

A

-deep grooves (formed from NCB)

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12
Q

corpus callosum composition

A

-made of myelinated axons

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13
Q

white matter composition

A

-made of myelinated axons

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14
Q

lobes of the cerebrum

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • insula lobe
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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

-motor movement

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16
Q

parietal lobe

A

-sensory

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17
Q

temporal lobe

A

-auditory

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18
Q

occipital lobe

A

-visual

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19
Q

insula

A
  • deep to the lateral sulcus

- function isn’t known

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20
Q

brodmann’s areas components

A
  • primary motor area

- primary sensory area

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21
Q

another name for primary motor area?

A

-pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe

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22
Q

another name for primary sensory area?

A

-post-central gyrus of parietal lobe

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23
Q

primary motor area location numerically

A

-4

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24
Q

primary sensory location numerically

A

-3, 2, 1

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25
primary motor area function
-controls movement
26
primary sensory area function
-awareness of sensory signals
27
areas for hearing components
- primary auditory area | - auditory association area
28
areas for hearing location
-temporal lobe
29
areas for hearing location numerically
-41, 42
30
primary auditory area function
-determines characteristics of sound, pitch/rhythm
31
auditory association area function
-determines speech, music, noise, etc
32
areas for vision location
-occipital lobe
33
areas for vision location numerically
-17, 18, 19
34
areas for vision components
- primary visual cortex | - visual association area
35
primary visual cortex function
-sensory from retina: shape, color, movement
36
visual association area
-relates present to past visual experiences
37
areas for language components
- broca's area | - wernicke's area
38
broca's area location numerically
-44, 45
39
broca's area location
-frontal lobe
40
broca's area function
-motor speech (speech formation), pre planned voluntary muscle movements
41
what is the impact on broca's area after a stroke?
-can comprehend words/sentences but can't pronounce words
42
wernicke's area location numerically
22
43
wernicke's area location
-where temporal and parietal lobes meet
44
wernicke's area function
-language and comprehension
45
what is the impact on wernicke's area after a stroke?
-can speak but cannot express themselves in sentences with any meaning
46
what major pairs of blood vessels supply the brain?
- internal carotid artery | - vertebral artery
47
internal carotid artery
-lateral side of neck
48
vertebral artery
-passes through transverse foramen of cervical vertebra
49
circle of willis
- located on the inferior surface of the brain** | - it's when the branches of the blood vessels of the brain are united
50
major branches of the internal carotid
- middle cerebral artery | - anterior cerebral artery
51
middle cerebral artery function
-supplies blood to lateral part of brain
52
what happens if the middle cerebral artery is blocked?
-lose sensation and motor function of the upper body
53
anterior cerebral artery function
-supplies anterior and medial parts of brain
54
what happens if the anterior cerebral artery is blocked?
-lose sensation and motor function of lower body
55
venous drainage function
- receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain - receives CSF from subarachnoid space - empties into the intrajugular vein
56
dural venous sinuses location
-channels found between layers of dura mater
57
ventricles
-cavities in the brain
58
cerebrospinal fluid
- aka CSF - produced within ventricles - produced by choroid plexuses
59
choroid plexuses
- specialized vascular compelx on the rood of the 3rd and 4th ventricles - cluster of microvillus capillaries of ependymal cells lining the cavity
60
CSF pathway
lateral ventricle--> third ventricle--> aqueduct of midbrain--> fourth ventricle--> subarachnoid space
61
arachnoid granulations
-CSF carrying waste products of CNS drain into the arachnoid meninges (specifically internal jugular vein)
62
limbic system
- formed by many parts of the brain | - function: controls emotions, sex drive, major memory center
63
basal ganglia
- initiates movement in an adult | - controls movements of newborn babies
64
substantia nigra
-moved in gross movements
65
what happens when the substantia nigra is damaged?
- decrease in production of dopamine | - results in development of Parkinson's disease
66
hippocampus
- deals with memory and spatial navigation - necessary for making new memories - remembering where we are
67
what happens if there's damage to the hippocampus?
-they could develop alzheimer's disease because they have trouble remembering what you just said or where they are

Anatomy (41 decks)

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