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Anatomy > Nervous System IV: Brain I > Flashcards

Nervous System IV: Brain I Flashcards

1
Q

human brain components

A
  • cerebrum
  • cerebellum
  • brain stem
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2
Q

what is the cerebrum divided into?

A
  • left and right hemispheres

- responsible for control of a variety of specific activities

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3
Q

corpus collosum function

A
  • large fiber bundle

- allows for the transfer of info back and forth between both hemispheres

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4
Q

what are tracts?

A

-fiber bundles

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5
Q

tracts function

A

-provide connection between the cerebral hemispheres and the rest of the nervous system

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6
Q

what are the layers of the cerebrum

A
  • gray matter (cerebral cortex)
  • white matter
  • lobes of the cerebrum
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7
Q

gray matter composition

A

-neuron cell bodies (NCB)

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8
Q

gray matter components

A
  • gyri
  • sulci
  • fissure
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9
Q

gray matter gyri

A
  • ridges of brain

- raised areas between sulci

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10
Q

gray matter sulci

A

-narrow grooves (formed from NCB)

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11
Q

gray matter fissure

A

-deep grooves (formed from NCB)

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12
Q

corpus callosum composition

A

-made of myelinated axons

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13
Q

white matter composition

A

-made of myelinated axons

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14
Q

lobes of the cerebrum

A
  • frontal lobe
  • parietal lobe
  • temporal lobe
  • occipital lobe
  • insula lobe
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15
Q

frontal lobe

A

-motor movement

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16
Q

parietal lobe

A

-sensory

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17
Q

temporal lobe

A

-auditory

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18
Q

occipital lobe

A

-visual

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19
Q

insula

A
  • deep to the lateral sulcus

- function isn’t known

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20
Q

brodmann’s areas components

A
  • primary motor area

- primary sensory area

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21
Q

another name for primary motor area?

A

-pre-central gyrus of the frontal lobe

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22
Q

another name for primary sensory area?

A

-post-central gyrus of parietal lobe

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23
Q

primary motor area location numerically

A

-4

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24
Q

primary sensory location numerically

A

-3, 2, 1

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25
Q

primary motor area function

A

-controls movement

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26
Q

primary sensory area function

A

-awareness of sensory signals

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27
Q

areas for hearing components

A
  • primary auditory area

- auditory association area

28
Q

areas for hearing location

A

-temporal lobe

29
Q

areas for hearing location numerically

A

-41, 42

30
Q

primary auditory area function

A

-determines characteristics of sound, pitch/rhythm

31
Q

auditory association area function

A

-determines speech, music, noise, etc

32
Q

areas for vision location

A

-occipital lobe

33
Q

areas for vision location numerically

A

-17, 18, 19

34
Q

areas for vision components

A
  • primary visual cortex

- visual association area

35
Q

primary visual cortex function

A

-sensory from retina: shape, color, movement

36
Q

visual association area

A

-relates present to past visual experiences

37
Q

areas for language components

A
  • broca’s area

- wernicke’s area

38
Q

broca’s area location numerically

A

-44, 45

39
Q

broca’s area location

A

-frontal lobe

40
Q

broca’s area function

A

-motor speech (speech formation), pre planned voluntary muscle movements

41
Q

what is the impact on broca’s area after a stroke?

A

-can comprehend words/sentences but can’t pronounce words

42
Q

wernicke’s area location numerically

A

22

43
Q

wernicke’s area location

A

-where temporal and parietal lobes meet

44
Q

wernicke’s area function

A

-language and comprehension

45
Q

what is the impact on wernicke’s area after a stroke?

A

-can speak but cannot express themselves in sentences with any meaning

46
Q

what major pairs of blood vessels supply the brain?

A
  • internal carotid artery

- vertebral artery

47
Q

internal carotid artery

A

-lateral side of neck

48
Q

vertebral artery

A

-passes through transverse foramen of cervical vertebra

49
Q

circle of willis

A
  • located on the inferior surface of the brain**

- it’s when the branches of the blood vessels of the brain are united

50
Q

major branches of the internal carotid

A
  • middle cerebral artery

- anterior cerebral artery

51
Q

middle cerebral artery function

A

-supplies blood to lateral part of brain

52
Q

what happens if the middle cerebral artery is blocked?

A

-lose sensation and motor function of the upper body

53
Q

anterior cerebral artery function

A

-supplies anterior and medial parts of brain

54
Q

what happens if the anterior cerebral artery is blocked?

A

-lose sensation and motor function of lower body

55
Q

venous drainage function

A
  • receives blood from internal and external veins of the brain
  • receives CSF from subarachnoid space
  • empties into the intrajugular vein
56
Q

dural venous sinuses location

A

-channels found between layers of dura mater

57
Q

ventricles

A

-cavities in the brain

58
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A
  • aka CSF
  • produced within ventricles
  • produced by choroid plexuses
59
Q

choroid plexuses

A
  • specialized vascular compelx on the rood of the 3rd and 4th ventricles
  • cluster of microvillus capillaries of ependymal cells lining the cavity
60
Q

CSF pathway

A

lateral ventricle–> third ventricle–> aqueduct of midbrain–> fourth ventricle–> subarachnoid space

61
Q

arachnoid granulations

A

-CSF carrying waste products of CNS drain into the arachnoid meninges (specifically internal jugular vein)

62
Q

limbic system

A
  • formed by many parts of the brain

- function: controls emotions, sex drive, major memory center

63
Q

basal ganglia

A
  • initiates movement in an adult

- controls movements of newborn babies

64
Q

substantia nigra

A

-moved in gross movements

65
Q

what happens when the substantia nigra is damaged?

A
  • decrease in production of dopamine

- results in development of Parkinson’s disease

66
Q

hippocampus

A
  • deals with memory and spatial navigation
  • necessary for making new memories
  • remembering where we are
67
Q

what happens if there’s damage to the hippocampus?

A

-they could develop alzheimer’s disease because they have trouble remembering what you just said or where they are

Anatomy (41 decks)

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