Muscles: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
1
Q
pectoral girdle muscles origin and insertion
A
- strong, strap-like muscles
- originate on the axial skeleton
- insert on the scapula
2
Q
pectoral girdle muscles function
A
-serves to attach the pectoral girdle to rest of axial skeleton
3
Q
what are the muscles that act on the pectoral girdle?
A
- serratus anterior
- trapezius (upper, middle, lower)
4
Q
serratus anterior location
A
-anterolateral thorax to scapula
5
Q
serratus anterior action
A
- protracts scapula (throwing a punch)
- stabilize and holds scapula flush to body wall
6
Q
serratus anterior innervation
A
-long thoracic
7
Q
upper trapezius location
A
- origin: posterior neck
- innervation: scapula
8
Q
upper trapezius action
A
-elevates pectoral girdle
9
Q
upper trapezius innervation
A
-accessory (cranial nerve XI)
10
Q
middle trapezius location
A
- origin: upper thoracic vertebrae
- insertion: scapula
11
Q
middle trapezius action
A
- retract scapula (pulls posteriorly)
- some head extension
12
Q
middle trapezius innervation
A
-accessory (cranial nerve XI)
13
Q
lower trapezius location
A
- origin: lower thoracic vertebrae
- insertion: scapula
14
Q
lower trapezius action
A
-depress pectoral girdle
15
Q
lower trapezius innervation
A
-accessory (cranial nerve XI)
16
Q
muscles that move the arm origin and insertion
A
- aka brachium
- originates on axial skeleton or scapula
- inserts on the humerus
17
Q
what are the muscles that move the arm?
A
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
- deltoid
- rotator cuff
18
Q
pectoralis major location
A
-clavicle, sternum and anterior thorax to anterior proximal humerus
19
Q
pectoralis major action
A
- abducts arm (downward motion)
- arm flexion
- starts at the sternum/bit of clavicle
- coronal, transverse plane
20
Q
pectoralis major innervation
A
-medial and lateral pectoral nerves
21
Q
latissimus dorsi location
A
-lower back to anterior proximal humerus
22
Q
latissimus dorsi action
A
- appendicular muscle
- arm adduction
- arm extension
- internal/external arm rotation
23
Q
latissimus dorsi innervation
A
-thoracodorsal
24
Q
teres major location
A
-posterior inferior scapula to anterior proximal humerus
25
teres major action
- bottom of scapula
- good for fine movement and stability
- work together
- works w/ latissimus dorsi but with less force
26
teres major innervation
-lower subscapular
27
deltoid joint crossed
-glenohumeral
28
deltoid location
-superficial shoulder
29
deltoid action
- moves the humerus
- anterior : flexes
- lateral: abducts
- posterior: extends
30
deltoid innervation
-axillary
31
rotator cuff components
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
32
rotator cuff supraspinatus location
-superior posterior scapula
33
rotator cuff supraspinatus action
-first 15° of arm abduction
34
rotator cuff supraspinatus innervation
-suprascapular
35
rotator cuff infraspinatus location
-posterior scapula, inferior to supraspinatus
36
rotator cuff infraspinatus action
- not powerful muscle
| - adducts of arm
37
rotator cuff infraspinatus innervation
-suprascapular
38
rotator cuff teres minor location
-posterior scapula, inferior to infraspinatus
39
rotator cuff teres minor action
- adduction of the arm
| - not powerful muscle
40
rotator cuff teres minor innervation
-axillary
41
rotator cuff subscapularis location
-anterior scapula
42
rotator cuff subscapularis action
-internal rotation and adduction of arm
43
rotator cuff subscapularis innervation
-upper and lower subscapular
44
what do the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor all have in common?
-they all extend rotation of the arm
45
rotator cuff function
-stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
46
what are the muscles that act on the forearm?
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- brachioradialis
- triceps brachii
47
muscles that move the forearm origin and insertion
- muscles originate on scapula or humerus and cross the elbow joint
- insert on the radius or ulna
48
biceps brachii joint crossed
-anterior elbow
49
biceps brachii location
-superficial anterior humerus to proximal radius
50
biceps brachii action
-flex forearm
51
biceps brachii innervation
-musculocutaneous
52
brachialis joint crossed
-anterior elbow
53
brachialis location
-superficial anterior humerus to proximal radius
54
brachialis action
-flex forearm
55
brachialis innervation
-musculocutaneous
56
brachioradialis joint crossed
-anterolateral elbow
57
brachioradialis location
- distal humerus to distal radius
| - superficial on lateral forearm
58
brachioradialis action
- one of the reflex center
| - flexes the forearm
59
brachioradialis innervation
-radial
60
triceps brachii location
- posterior humerus to ulna
| - superficial
61
triceps brachii action
-extensor of the forearm
62
triceps brachii innervation
-radial
63
what are the muscles that supinate or pronate the forearm?
- supinator
| - pronators
64
supinator location
-proximal forearm, deep
65
supinator action
-supinates forearm
66
supinator innervation
-radial
67
pronactors components
- pronator teres
| - pronator quadratus
68
pronator teres location
- proximal anteromedial forearm
- humerus to lateral radius
- superficial
69
pronator teres action
- rotates forearm
| - pronates
70
pronator teres innervation
-median
71
pronator quadratus location
-distal anterior forearm, deep
72
pronator quadratus action
- rotates forearm
| - pronates
73
pronator quadratus innervation
-median
74
muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers origin and insertion
- originates on the humerus, radius, or ulna
| - inserts on the metacarpals or phalanges
75
what are the muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers?
- flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum
- extensor pollicis longus
76
flexor carpi radialis joint crossed
-anterior and lateral wrist
77
flexor carpi radialis location
-anterior forearm
78
flexor carpi radialis action
-radial flexion
79
flexor carpi radialis innervation
-median
80
flexor carpi ulnaris joint crossed
-anterior and medial wrist
81
flexor carpi ulnaris location
-anterior forearm
82
flexor carpi ulnaris action
-ulnar flexion
83
flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
-ulnar
84
flexor digitorum superficialis location
-anterior forearm
85
flexor digitorum superficialis action
-flex the fingers (digits II-V)
86
flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
-median
87
flexor digitorum profundus location
-anterior forearm
88
flexor digitorum profundus action
-flex the fingers (digits II-V)
89
flexor digitorum profundus innervation
-median ulnar
90
flexor pollicis longus location
- anterior forearm
| - crosses anterior thumb
91
flexor pollicis longus action
-flexes the thumb
92
flexor pollicis longus innervation
-median
93
extensor carpi radialis longus location
-posterolateral forearm
94
extensor carpi radialis longus action
- helps move hand
- facilitates movement at wrist
- involved in extending and abducting the hand at wrist
95
extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
-radial
96
extensor carpi ulnaris joint crossed
-posterior and medial wrist
97
extensor carpi ulnaris location
-posterior forearm
98
extensor carpi ulnaris action
-extends and adducts at the carpus/wrist from anatomical position
99
extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
-radial
100
extensor digitorum joint crossed
-posterior fingers and wrist
101
extensor digitorum location
-posterior forearm
102
extensor digitorum action
-extends digits
103
extensor digitorum innervation
-radial
104
extensor pollicis longus joint crossed
-posterior thumb (interphalangeal joint)
105
extensor pollicis longus location
-posterior forearm
106
extensor pollicis longus action
-extends the thumb
107
extensor pollicis longus innervation
-radial
108
what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
- thenar muscles
- hypothenar muscles
- lumbricals
- dorsal interossei
- palmar interossei
109
thenar muscles components
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- adductor pollicis
- opponens pollicis
110
thenar muscles location
- thumb
| - thenar eminence
111
thenar muscles action
-moves thumb
112
thenar muscles innervation
- median
| - except for adductor pollicis where it's innervation is ulnar
113
hypothenar muscles components
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
- abductor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
114
hypothenar muscles location
- hypothenar eminence
| - 5th digit
115
hypothenar muscles action
-moves pinkie
116
hypothenar muscles innervation
-ulnar
117
lumbricals location
- hand
| - deep
118
lumbricals action
- flex at metacarpophalangeal joint (II-V)
| - extend interphalangeal joints (II-V)
119
lumbricals innervation
- median
| - ulnar
120
dorsal interossei location
- hand
| - deep
121
dorsal interossei action
-abduct digits
122
dorsal interossei innervation
-ulnar
123
palmar interossei location
- hand
| - deep
124
palmar interossei action
-adduct digits
125
palmar interossei innervation
-ulnar
126
how many lumbrical muscles are there?
4
127
how many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
4
128
how many palmar interossei muscles are there?
3
129
muscles that move the thigh origin and insertion
- originate from the pelvic girdle or vertebral column
| - insert on femur
130
what are the muscles that move the thigh?
- iliopsoas group
- tensor fascia lata
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- adductor magnus
131
components of the iliopsoas group
- iliacus
| - psoas major
132
iliacus location
-goes to anterior proximal femur
133
iliacus action
-flex the thigh at the hip
134
iliacus innervation
-femoral
135
psoas major location
-goes to anterior proximal femur
136
psoas major action
-share a common tendon
137
psoas major innervation
-upper lumbar
138
tensor fascia lata joint crossed
-anterolateral hip
139
tensor fascia lata location
-anterolateral pelvis and femur
140
tensor fascia lata action
- abducts and flexes the thigh
| - pulls it anteriorly and laterally
141
tensor fascia lata innervation
-superior gluteal
142
gluteus maximus location
-buttocks
143
gluteus maximus action
-thigh extension
144
gluteus maximus innervation
-inferior gluteal
145
gluteus medius location
lateral pelvis
146
gluteus medius action
-abduct and internally rotate thigh
147
gluteus medius innervation
-superior gluteal
148
adductor magnus location
-medial femur
149
adductor magnus action
-abduct and internally rotate thigh
150
adductor magnus innervation
-obturator
151
muscles of the thigh that move the leg origin and insertion
- originate from the pelvic girdle, femur, or cross the knee joint
- inserts on the lower leg
152
what are the muscles that move the leg?
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris
- hamstrings
153
sartorius joint crossed
- anterolateral hip
| - medial knee
154
sartorius location
- anterior femur
| - superficial
155
sartorius action
- crossing the leg
- ->flexion at hip
- ->flexion at knee
- ->external rotation at hip
156
sartorius innervation
-femoral
157
quadriceps femoris components
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
158
rectus femoris joint crossed
- anterior knee
| - hip
159
rectus femoris location
-anterior femur
160
rectus femoris action
- extends the knee
| - flexes the thigh at the hip
161
rectus femoris inervation
-femoral
162
vastus lateralis location
- anterior femur
| - attaches to outer border of patella
163
vastus lateralis action
- extends the knee joint
| - moves the lower leg forward
164
vastus lateralis innervation
-femoral
165
vastus intermedius location
-anterior femur
166
vastus intermedius action
-extension of knee
167
vastus intermedius innervation
-femoral
168
vastus medialis location
-anterior femur
169
vastus medialis action
- knee extension
| - contributes to correct tracking of the patella
170
vastus medialis innervation
-femoral
171
hamstrings components
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
172
hamstrings group joint crossed
- posterior hip
| - knee
173
hamstrings group location
-posterior femur
174
hamstrings group action
- flex the leg at the knee (opposite of the knee)
| - extends thigh at the hip
175
hamstrings group innervation
-sciatic
176
muscles of the leg that move the ankle, foot, and toes origin and insertion
- originate on femur, tibia, or fibula
| - inserts on bones of the ankle and/or foot
177
what are the muscles of the leg that move the ankle, foot, and toes?
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis/peroneus longus
- fibularis/peroneus brevis
- gastrocsoleus group
- tibialis posterior
- flexor hallucis longus
178
tibialis anterior joint crossed
-anterior and medial ankle
179
tibialis anterior location
-anterior leg
180
tibialis anterior action
- dorsiflexion
| - inversion
181
tibialis anterior innervation
-deep fibular/peroneal
182
extensor hallucis longus joint crossed
- dorsal surface
| - joints of hallux and ankle
183
extensor hallucis longus location
-anterior leg
184
extensor hallucis longus action
-extends the hallux
185
extensor hallucis longus innervation
-deep fibular/peroneal
186
extensor digitorum longus joint crossed
- dorsal surfaces
| - joints of the digits and ankle
187
extensor digitorum longus location
-anterior leg
188
extensor digitorum longus action
-extends digits (II-V)
189
extensor digitorum longus innervation
-deep fibular/peroneal
190
fibularis/peroneus longus joint crossed
-lateral ankle
191
fibularis/peroneus longus location
-lateral leg
192
fibularis/peroneus longus action
-evert the foot
193
fibularis/peroneus longus innervation
-superficial fibular/peroneal
194
fibularis/peroneus brevis joint crossed
lateral ankle
195
fibularis/peroneus brevis location
-lateral leg
196
fibularis/peroneus brevis action
-eversion of the foot
197
fibularis/peroneus brevis innervation
-superficial fibular/peroneal
198
gastrocsoleus group components
- gastrocnemius
| - soleus
199
gastrocnemius joint crossed
- posterior ankle
| - knee
200
gastrocnemius location
-posterior leg
201
gastrocnemius action
- plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint
| - flexes the leg at the knee joint
202
gastrocnemius innervation
-tibial
203
soleus joint crossed
-posterior ankle
204
soleus location
-posterior leg
205
soleus action
-plantar flexion of foot
206
soleus innervation
-tibial
207
tibialis posterior joint crossed
-posterior and medial ankle
208
tibialis posterior location
-posterior leg
209
tibialis posterior action
- invert and plantar flex
- flex digits II-V
- flex the hallux
210
tibialis posterior innervation
-tibial
211
flexor hallucis longus joint crossed
- plantar surface
| - joints of the hallux and ankle
212
flexor hallucis longus location
-deepest posterior leg
213
flexor hallucis longus action
-flexes the hallux
214
flexor hallucis longus innervation
-tibial
