Muscles: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards
pectoral girdle muscles origin and insertion
- strong, strap-like muscles
- originate on the axial skeleton
- insert on the scapula
pectoral girdle muscles function
-serves to attach the pectoral girdle to rest of axial skeleton
what are the muscles that act on the pectoral girdle?
- serratus anterior
- trapezius (upper, middle, lower)
serratus anterior location
-anterolateral thorax to scapula
serratus anterior action
- protracts scapula (throwing a punch)
- stabilize and holds scapula flush to body wall
serratus anterior innervation
-long thoracic
upper trapezius location
- origin: posterior neck
- innervation: scapula
upper trapezius action
-elevates pectoral girdle
upper trapezius innervation
-accessory (cranial nerve XI)
middle trapezius location
- origin: upper thoracic vertebrae
- insertion: scapula
middle trapezius action
- retract scapula (pulls posteriorly)
- some head extension
middle trapezius innervation
-accessory (cranial nerve XI)
lower trapezius location
- origin: lower thoracic vertebrae
- insertion: scapula
lower trapezius action
-depress pectoral girdle
lower trapezius innervation
-accessory (cranial nerve XI)
muscles that move the arm origin and insertion
- aka brachium
- originates on axial skeleton or scapula
- inserts on the humerus
what are the muscles that move the arm?
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major
- deltoid
- rotator cuff
pectoralis major location
-clavicle, sternum and anterior thorax to anterior proximal humerus
pectoralis major action
- abducts arm (downward motion)
- arm flexion
- starts at the sternum/bit of clavicle
- coronal, transverse plane
pectoralis major innervation
-medial and lateral pectoral nerves
latissimus dorsi location
-lower back to anterior proximal humerus
latissimus dorsi action
- appendicular muscle
- arm adduction
- arm extension
- internal/external arm rotation
latissimus dorsi innervation
-thoracodorsal
teres major location
-posterior inferior scapula to anterior proximal humerus
teres major action
- bottom of scapula
- good for fine movement and stability
- work together
- works w/ latissimus dorsi but with less force
teres major innervation
-lower subscapular
deltoid joint crossed
-glenohumeral
deltoid location
-superficial shoulder
deltoid action
- moves the humerus
- anterior : flexes
- lateral: abducts
- posterior: extends
deltoid innervation
-axillary
rotator cuff components
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
- subscapularis
rotator cuff supraspinatus location
-superior posterior scapula
rotator cuff supraspinatus action
-first 15° of arm abduction
rotator cuff supraspinatus innervation
-suprascapular
rotator cuff infraspinatus location
-posterior scapula, inferior to supraspinatus
rotator cuff infraspinatus action
- not powerful muscle
- adducts of arm
rotator cuff infraspinatus innervation
-suprascapular
rotator cuff teres minor location
-posterior scapula, inferior to infraspinatus
rotator cuff teres minor action
- adduction of the arm
- not powerful muscle
rotator cuff teres minor innervation
-axillary
rotator cuff subscapularis location
-anterior scapula
rotator cuff subscapularis action
-internal rotation and adduction of arm
rotator cuff subscapularis innervation
-upper and lower subscapular
what do the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and teres minor all have in common?
-they all extend rotation of the arm
rotator cuff function
-stabilizes the glenohumeral joint
what are the muscles that act on the forearm?
- biceps brachii
- brachialis
- brachioradialis
- triceps brachii
muscles that move the forearm origin and insertion
- muscles originate on scapula or humerus and cross the elbow joint
- insert on the radius or ulna
biceps brachii joint crossed
-anterior elbow
biceps brachii location
-superficial anterior humerus to proximal radius
biceps brachii action
-flex forearm
biceps brachii innervation
-musculocutaneous
brachialis joint crossed
-anterior elbow
brachialis location
-superficial anterior humerus to proximal radius
brachialis action
-flex forearm
brachialis innervation
-musculocutaneous
brachioradialis joint crossed
-anterolateral elbow
brachioradialis location
- distal humerus to distal radius
- superficial on lateral forearm
brachioradialis action
- one of the reflex center
- flexes the forearm
brachioradialis innervation
-radial
triceps brachii location
- posterior humerus to ulna
- superficial
triceps brachii action
-extensor of the forearm
triceps brachii innervation
-radial
what are the muscles that supinate or pronate the forearm?
- supinator
- pronators
supinator location
-proximal forearm, deep
supinator action
-supinates forearm
supinator innervation
-radial
pronactors components
- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
pronator teres location
- proximal anteromedial forearm
- humerus to lateral radius
- superficial
pronator teres action
- rotates forearm
- pronates
pronator teres innervation
-median
pronator quadratus location
-distal anterior forearm, deep
pronator quadratus action
- rotates forearm
- pronates
pronator quadratus innervation
-median
muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers origin and insertion
- originates on the humerus, radius, or ulna
- inserts on the metacarpals or phalanges
what are the muscles that move the wrist, hand, and fingers?
- flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum
- extensor pollicis longus
flexor carpi radialis joint crossed
-anterior and lateral wrist
flexor carpi radialis location
-anterior forearm
flexor carpi radialis action
-radial flexion
flexor carpi radialis innervation
-median
flexor carpi ulnaris joint crossed
-anterior and medial wrist
flexor carpi ulnaris location
-anterior forearm
flexor carpi ulnaris action
-ulnar flexion
flexor carpi ulnaris innervation
-ulnar
flexor digitorum superficialis location
-anterior forearm
flexor digitorum superficialis action
-flex the fingers (digits II-V)
flexor digitorum superficialis innervation
-median
flexor digitorum profundus location
-anterior forearm
flexor digitorum profundus action
-flex the fingers (digits II-V)
flexor digitorum profundus innervation
-median ulnar
flexor pollicis longus location
- anterior forearm
- crosses anterior thumb
flexor pollicis longus action
-flexes the thumb
flexor pollicis longus innervation
-median
extensor carpi radialis longus location
-posterolateral forearm
extensor carpi radialis longus action
- helps move hand
- facilitates movement at wrist
- involved in extending and abducting the hand at wrist
extensor carpi radialis longus innervation
-radial
extensor carpi ulnaris joint crossed
-posterior and medial wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris location
-posterior forearm
extensor carpi ulnaris action
-extends and adducts at the carpus/wrist from anatomical position
extensor carpi ulnaris innervation
-radial
extensor digitorum joint crossed
-posterior fingers and wrist
extensor digitorum location
-posterior forearm
extensor digitorum action
-extends digits
extensor digitorum innervation
-radial
extensor pollicis longus joint crossed
-posterior thumb (interphalangeal joint)
extensor pollicis longus location
-posterior forearm
extensor pollicis longus action
-extends the thumb
extensor pollicis longus innervation
-radial
what are the intrinsic muscles of the hand?
- thenar muscles
- hypothenar muscles
- lumbricals
- dorsal interossei
- palmar interossei
thenar muscles components
- abductor pollicis brevis
- flexor pollicis brevis
- adductor pollicis
- opponens pollicis
thenar muscles location
- thumb
- thenar eminence
thenar muscles action
-moves thumb
thenar muscles innervation
- median
- except for adductor pollicis where it’s innervation is ulnar
hypothenar muscles components
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
- abductor digiti minimi
- opponens digiti minimi
hypothenar muscles location
- hypothenar eminence
- 5th digit
hypothenar muscles action
-moves pinkie
hypothenar muscles innervation
-ulnar
lumbricals location
- hand
- deep
lumbricals action
- flex at metacarpophalangeal joint (II-V)
- extend interphalangeal joints (II-V)
lumbricals innervation
- median
- ulnar
dorsal interossei location
- hand
- deep
dorsal interossei action
-abduct digits
dorsal interossei innervation
-ulnar
palmar interossei location
- hand
- deep
palmar interossei action
-adduct digits
palmar interossei innervation
-ulnar
how many lumbrical muscles are there?
4
how many dorsal interossei muscles are there?
4
how many palmar interossei muscles are there?
3
muscles that move the thigh origin and insertion
- originate from the pelvic girdle or vertebral column
- insert on femur
what are the muscles that move the thigh?
- iliopsoas group
- tensor fascia lata
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- adductor magnus
components of the iliopsoas group
- iliacus
- psoas major
iliacus location
-goes to anterior proximal femur
iliacus action
-flex the thigh at the hip
iliacus innervation
-femoral
psoas major location
-goes to anterior proximal femur
psoas major action
-share a common tendon
psoas major innervation
-upper lumbar
tensor fascia lata joint crossed
-anterolateral hip
tensor fascia lata location
-anterolateral pelvis and femur
tensor fascia lata action
- abducts and flexes the thigh
- pulls it anteriorly and laterally
tensor fascia lata innervation
-superior gluteal
gluteus maximus location
-buttocks
gluteus maximus action
-thigh extension
gluteus maximus innervation
-inferior gluteal
gluteus medius location
lateral pelvis
gluteus medius action
-abduct and internally rotate thigh
gluteus medius innervation
-superior gluteal
adductor magnus location
-medial femur
adductor magnus action
-abduct and internally rotate thigh
adductor magnus innervation
-obturator
muscles of the thigh that move the leg origin and insertion
- originate from the pelvic girdle, femur, or cross the knee joint
- inserts on the lower leg
what are the muscles that move the leg?
- sartorius
- quadriceps femoris
- hamstrings
sartorius joint crossed
- anterolateral hip
- medial knee
sartorius location
- anterior femur
- superficial
sartorius action
- crossing the leg
- ->flexion at hip
- ->flexion at knee
- ->external rotation at hip
sartorius innervation
-femoral
quadriceps femoris components
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
rectus femoris joint crossed
- anterior knee
- hip
rectus femoris location
-anterior femur
rectus femoris action
- extends the knee
- flexes the thigh at the hip
rectus femoris inervation
-femoral
vastus lateralis location
- anterior femur
- attaches to outer border of patella
vastus lateralis action
- extends the knee joint
- moves the lower leg forward
vastus lateralis innervation
-femoral
vastus intermedius location
-anterior femur
vastus intermedius action
-extension of knee
vastus intermedius innervation
-femoral
vastus medialis location
-anterior femur
vastus medialis action
- knee extension
- contributes to correct tracking of the patella
vastus medialis innervation
-femoral
hamstrings components
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
hamstrings group joint crossed
- posterior hip
- knee
hamstrings group location
-posterior femur
hamstrings group action
- flex the leg at the knee (opposite of the knee)
- extends thigh at the hip
hamstrings group innervation
-sciatic
muscles of the leg that move the ankle, foot, and toes origin and insertion
- originate on femur, tibia, or fibula
- inserts on bones of the ankle and/or foot
what are the muscles of the leg that move the ankle, foot, and toes?
- tibialis anterior
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- fibularis/peroneus longus
- fibularis/peroneus brevis
- gastrocsoleus group
- tibialis posterior
- flexor hallucis longus
tibialis anterior joint crossed
-anterior and medial ankle
tibialis anterior location
-anterior leg
tibialis anterior action
- dorsiflexion
- inversion
tibialis anterior innervation
-deep fibular/peroneal
extensor hallucis longus joint crossed
- dorsal surface
- joints of hallux and ankle
extensor hallucis longus location
-anterior leg
extensor hallucis longus action
-extends the hallux
extensor hallucis longus innervation
-deep fibular/peroneal
extensor digitorum longus joint crossed
- dorsal surfaces
- joints of the digits and ankle
extensor digitorum longus location
-anterior leg
extensor digitorum longus action
-extends digits (II-V)
extensor digitorum longus innervation
-deep fibular/peroneal
fibularis/peroneus longus joint crossed
-lateral ankle
fibularis/peroneus longus location
-lateral leg
fibularis/peroneus longus action
-evert the foot
fibularis/peroneus longus innervation
-superficial fibular/peroneal
fibularis/peroneus brevis joint crossed
lateral ankle
fibularis/peroneus brevis location
-lateral leg
fibularis/peroneus brevis action
-eversion of the foot
fibularis/peroneus brevis innervation
-superficial fibular/peroneal
gastrocsoleus group components
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
gastrocnemius joint crossed
- posterior ankle
- knee
gastrocnemius location
-posterior leg
gastrocnemius action
- plantar flexes the foot at the ankle joint
- flexes the leg at the knee joint
gastrocnemius innervation
-tibial
soleus joint crossed
-posterior ankle
soleus location
-posterior leg
soleus action
-plantar flexion of foot
soleus innervation
-tibial
tibialis posterior joint crossed
-posterior and medial ankle
tibialis posterior location
-posterior leg
tibialis posterior action
- invert and plantar flex
- flex digits II-V
- flex the hallux
tibialis posterior innervation
-tibial
flexor hallucis longus joint crossed
- plantar surface
- joints of the hallux and ankle
flexor hallucis longus location
-deepest posterior leg
flexor hallucis longus action
-flexes the hallux
flexor hallucis longus innervation
-tibial
