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Anatomy > Heart II > Flashcards

Heart II Flashcards

1
Q

what are the coronary arteries known as?

A

-they’re known as being the first branches of the aorta

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2
Q

how many branches does the right coronary artery divide into?

A

-two branches

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3
Q

right coronary artery components

A
  • marginal branch

- posterior interventricular(PCA) branch

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4
Q

marginal branch of right coronary artery

A

-supplies myocardium of the inferior wall of both ventricles

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5
Q

posterior interventricular branch of right coronary artery

A

-travels in sulcus on posterior side to supply posterior wall of both ventricles

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6
Q

how many branches does the left coronary artery divide into?

A

-two branches

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7
Q

left coronary artery components

A
  • anterior interventricular branch

- circumflex branch

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8
Q

anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery

A
  • aka left anterior descending(LAD) or widowmaker

- supplies interventricular septum and anterior wall of both ventricles

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9
Q

circumflex branch of left coronary artery

A

-supplies left atrium and posterior-lateral left ventricle

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10
Q

venous drainage

A

-three main veins (great, small, and middle) drain blood into coronary sinus which empties into the right atrium

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11
Q

electrical conduction system of the heart types

A
  • primary (intrinsic) regulating system

- secondary (extrinsic) regulating system

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12
Q

primary (intrinsic) regulating system function

A
  • stimulates cardiac muscle fibers to contract w/o need for any direct stimulus from nervous system
  • composed of specialized muscle tissue that generates and distributes required electrical impulses throughout heart
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13
Q

secondary (extrinsic) regulating system function

A
  • alters heart rates through ANS control to meet immediate needs of the body
  • ex: when exercising
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14
Q

intrinsic conduction system components

A
  • sinoatrial(SA) node
  • atrioventricular node
  • atrioventricular bundle of His
  • purkinje fibers
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15
Q

sinoatrial(SA) node location

A
  • aka ‘pacemaker’ of the heart

- collection of specialized “conducting cells” located in wall of right atrium

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16
Q

sinoatrial(SA) node function

A
  • initiates heartbeat

- sends message to left atrium

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17
Q

atrioventricular node

A
  • sends message to the bundle of His

- receives message from SA node located in right atrium

18
Q

atrioventricular bundle of His

A
  • tract located in IV septum

- transmits message to purkinje fibers

19
Q

what is a tract?

A

-collection of conduction fiber

20
Q

purkinje fibers

A
  • located in walls of the ventricles
  • conducts impulse to myocardium
  • results in ventricular contraction
21
Q

extrinsic control system

A
  • controlled through ANS pathways

- alters heart rate to meet needs of body

22
Q

extrinsic control system components

A
  • sympathetic stimulation

- parasympathetic stimulation

23
Q

sympathetic stimulation

A
  • release of norepinephrine
  • acts on SA node
  • increases heart rate and strength of contraction
24
Q

parasympathetic stimulation

A
  • inhibitory (vagus CN X)
  • releases acetylcholine
  • decreases heart rate
25
Q

cardiac cycle

A
  • refers to one complete heartbeat
  • SA node initiates each cycle
  • occurs 70 times per minute
26
Q

as the atria contacts, what does this do in the heart?

A

-it forces blood into both ventricles

27
Q

systole in cardiac cycle

A
  • ventricles contract**

- AV valves close and through SLV blood is ejected from the heart

28
Q

diastole in cardiac cycle

A
  • ventricles relax
  • AV valves open and SLV valves close
  • blood has filled atria which are awaiting the signal from SA node to begin next cardiac cycle
29
Q

which occurs first, systole or diastole?

A

-systole, then diastole

30
Q

what occurs during an EKG?

A
  • impulse transmission through conduction system generates electrical currents that may be detected on body’s surface
  • each portion of cardiac cycle produces different electrical impulses which can be recorded on a graph as deflection waves
31
Q

“lubb-dubb” heart sounds

A

-sounds made by vibrations as the valves close

32
Q

auscultation

A
  • act of listening to sounds within the body

- usually performed with the use of a stethoscope

33
Q

first heart sound

A
  • “lubb”

- closure of AV values (ventricular contraction)

34
Q

second heart sound

A
  • “dubb”

- closure of semilunar valve (ventricular relaxation)

35
Q

where is it best to listen to heart sounds?

A

-adjacent to the anatomical location of the valve(auscultatory areas)

36
Q

auscultatory areas components

A
  • aortic area
  • pulmonic area
  • tricuspid area
  • bicuspid area
37
Q

aortic area

A
  • aortic semilunar valve

- 2nd intercostal space, right side

38
Q

pulmonic area

A
  • pulmonic semilunar valve

- 2nd intercostal space, left side

39
Q

tricuspid area

A
  • right AV valve
  • 5th intercostal space
  • to the right of the sternum
40
Q

bicuspid area

A
  • left AV valve
  • 5th intercostal space
  • to the left ot the sternum, near apex of heart

Anatomy (41 decks)

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