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Anatomy > Skeletal Systems IV: Articulations > Flashcards

Skeletal Systems IV: Articulations Flashcards

1
Q

articulations function

A
  • where skeletal elements attach
  • link skeleton into functional whole
  • often allow for movement/flexibility
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2
Q

how are articulations classified?

A

-based on their structure and movement

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3
Q

what is the anatomical name for joints?

A

-articulations

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4
Q

types of articulations

A
  • synarthroses
  • amphiarthroses
  • diarthroses (synovial joint)
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5
Q

synarthroses articulation characteristics

A
  • bones are held tightly together by fibrosis connective tissue
  • very stable
  • no movement occurs
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6
Q

examples of synarthroses articulation

A
  • sutures of the skull

- teeth and jaws

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7
Q

amphiarthroses articulation characteristics

A
  • bones bound with fibrocartilage pad ors discs
  • also ligaments (dense CT)
  • limited motion (tiny bit)
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8
Q

examples of amphiarthrosis articulation

A
  • intervertebral discs
  • symphysis pubis (less movement than the spinal column)
  • sacroiliac joint (little movement)
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9
Q

diarthrosis articulation characteristics

A
  • enclosed in fibroelastic joint capsule
  • synovial membrane lines capsule
  • articulating ends of bones covered with hyaline cartilage
  • ligaments and tendons support joints
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10
Q

diarthroses synovial membrane function

A
  • produces synovial fluid

- -> this fluid lubricates joint and refuces friction

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11
Q

why is friction bad in a joint?

A
  • we don’t want bone grinding on bone

- keeps cartilage healthy

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12
Q

diarthrotic bursae location

A
  • small sacs filled with synovial fluid

- located near diarthrotic joint and the muscles and tendons associated w/ them

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13
Q

diarthrotic bursae function

A
  • reduces friction (during movement)
  • present where structures come in contact w/ one another
  • protects tendons and ligaments
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14
Q

types of diarthrotic joints

A
  • gliding
  • pivot
  • hinge
  • condyloid/ellipsoidal
  • saddle
  • ball-and-socket
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15
Q

diarthrotic gliding articulation movement

A
  • uniaxial:

- -> slides back and forth (translation)

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16
Q

diarthrotic gliding articulation examples

A
  • intercarpal
  • intertarsal
  • vertebrocostal
  • temporomandibular joint
  • zygapophyseal
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17
Q

where are gliding intercarpal joints located?

A

-in between wrist bones

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18
Q

where are gliding intertarsal joints located?

A
  • in between ankle and foot

- NOT ankle joint but underneath it

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19
Q

where are gliding vertebrocostal joints located?

A

-in between facets of vertebrae and ribs

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20
Q

where are gliding temporomandibular joints located?

A

-in between jaw bones

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21
Q

where are gliding zygapophyseal joints located?

A

-in between vertebrae (intervertebral)

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22
Q

diarthrotic pivot articulation movement

A
  • uniaxial:

- ->rotation around central axis

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23
Q

diarthrotic pivot articulation examples

A
  • atlantoaxial joint

- proximal radioulnar joint

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24
Q

where are pivot atlantoaxial joints located?

A
  • in between atlas and axis

- allows for rotation of the head

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25
Q

where are pivot proximal radioulnar joints located?

A
  • between the proximal radius and ulna

- allows for supination and pronation of forearm

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26
Q

diarthrotic hinge articulation movement

A
  • uniaxial:

- ->flexion and extension

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27
Q

diarthrotic hinge articulation examples

A
  • humeroulnar
  • tibiofemoral
  • interphalangeal
  • talocrural
  • TMJ
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28
Q

where are hinge humeroulnar joints located?

A
  • in between humerus and ulna

- elbow

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29
Q

where are hinge tibiofemoral joints located?

A
  • in between tibia and femur

- knee

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30
Q

where are hinge interphalangeal joints located?

A
  • in between phalanges

- toes and fingers

31
Q

where are hinge talocrural joints located?

A
  • in between the tibia/radius and talus
  • ankle
  • most motion occurs here
32
Q

where are hinge temporomandibular joints located?

A
  • jaw

- in between temporal bone and mandible

33
Q

diarthrotic condyloid/ellipsoidal articulation movement

A
  • biaxial:
  • ->flexion/extension
  • ->abduction/adduction
34
Q

diarthrotic condyloid/ellipsoidal articulation examples

A
  • metacarpophalangeal
  • atlanto-occiptal joint
  • radiocarpal joint
35
Q

where are condyloid/ellipsoidal metacarpophalangeal joints located?

A
  • in between metacarpals and phalanges

- knuckles

36
Q

where are condyloid/ellipsoidal atlanto-occiptal joint location?

A
  • in between C1 and skull
  • allows for nodding (flexion/extension)
  • allows for tilting (lateral flexion)
37
Q

diarthrotic saddle articulation movement

A
  • multiaxial:

- ->produces wide range of movement

38
Q

diarthrotic saddle articulation examples

A
  • 1st carpometacarpal joint

- sternoclavicular joint

39
Q

where is saddle saddle joint located?

A
  • in between the carpals and metacarpals of the pollex
  • thumb
  • movement is limited
40
Q

where is saddle sternoclavicular joint located?

A

-in between the sternum and clavicle

41
Q

diarthrotic ball-and-socket articulation movement

A
  • multiaxial:
  • ->abduction/adduction
  • ->flexion/extension
  • ->circumduction
  • greatest range of motion
42
Q

diarthrotic ball-and-socket articulation examples

A
  • glenohumeral joint

- femoroacetabular joint

43
Q

where is ball-and-socket glenohumeral joint located?

A
  • in between glenoid fossa and humerus

- shoulder

44
Q

where is ball-and-socket femoroacetabular joint located?

A
  • in between the femur and the acetabulum

- hip

45
Q

ligaments composition

A
  • dense regular connective tissue
  • connect bone to bone
  • one of the least vascular in the human body
46
Q

ligaments function

A
  • provide stability for joints
  • reduce flexibility of joint and restricts its movement
  • healing is slow and results are poor (due to poor vascularization)
47
Q

areas in joints of the body where injuries can occur

A
  • temporomandibular joint
  • vertebral column
  • shoulder
  • ankle
  • knee
48
Q

temporomandibular joint ligaments and joints

A
  • combination hinge and gliding joint
  • 3 ligaments and articular disc
  • TMJ syndrome
49
Q

what is TMJ syndrome?

A

-misalignment of mandible or desynchronization of disc

50
Q

vertebral column ligaments and joints

A

-long strips of ligament on anterior/posterior surface of vertebral body

51
Q

shoulder ligaments and joints

A
  • coracoacromial ligaments
  • coracohumeral ligaments
  • acromioclavicular ligaments
52
Q

which side of the shoulder has stronger structures?

A
  • posterior tendons stronger than anterior ligaments
  • they secure the joint well posteriorly
  • anterior side is more likely to get damaged (causes anterior & inferior shoulder drops)
53
Q

shoulder posterior tendons function

A
  • rotator cuff muscles act as ligaments
  • holds humeral head in glenoid fossa
  • serve to maintain the articulation between scapula and humerus
54
Q

define shoulder dislocation

A
  • displacement of the head of the humerus from the glenoid fossa
  • most likely to happen on the anterior side
55
Q

define shoulder separation

A
  • refers to a sprain (tear) of the ligaments at acromioclavicular joint
  • caused by a downward force being applied to superior part of the acromion
56
Q

ankle ligaments and joints

A
  • deltoid ligament

- several other ligaments support the ankle

57
Q

ankle deltoid ligament function

A
  • strongest of the deltoid ligament

- joins the tibia to the talus (medial ligament)

58
Q

knee ligaments and joints

A

-two fibrocartilaginous discs called lateral and medial menisci

59
Q

temporomandibular joint injury

A

-TMJ syndrome

60
Q

vertebral column injury

A

-posterior longitudinal ligament is narrow and doesn’t cover posterolateral disc: result=herniation

61
Q

shoulder injury

A
  • dislocation
  • shoulder drops
  • shoulder separation
62
Q

ankle injury

A
  • inversion of the foot causes weaker, lateral ligaments that attach to the fibula to the talus and to the calcaneus
  • ->occurs at the subtalar (talocalcaneal) joint
63
Q

knee ligaments and joints

A
  • anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
  • medial (tibial) and lateral (fibular) ligaments
  • both^ are major supports for this joint
  • lateral and medial menisci
64
Q

anatomical name for knee

A

-tibiofemoral

65
Q

lateral and medial menisci location

A
  • two fibrocartilaginous discs

- lie between the femur and tibia

66
Q

knee injury

A
  • unhappy triad (clipping injury):
    • ->anterior cruciate ligament (torn)
    • ->medial collateral ligament (torn)
    • ->medial meniscus (damaged)
67
Q

define strain

A

-excessive stretching or tearing of tendons or muscles

68
Q

define sprain

A

-stretching or tearing of ligaments

69
Q

define dislocation

A

-displacement of the articular surfaces of bones at a joint

70
Q

define bursitis

A

-inflammation of the bursa surrounding a joint

71
Q

define arthritis

A
  • general term for joint diseases involving sweating (edema)

- inflammation and pain occur

72
Q

protocol principles mnemonic

A

-PRICE

73
Q

protocol principles mnemonic expanded

A

-Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

74
Q

protocol principles purpose

A

-minor injuries (sprains and strains) can often be initially treated at home using PRICE therapy for 2-3 days

Anatomy (41 decks)

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