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Anatomy > Skeletal Systems III: Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Skeletal Systems III: Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

appendicular muscles general components

A

bones of the shoulder, hip, and the limbs that attach to each

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2
Q

the appendicular muscles is split up into what two sections?

A

upper and lower extremities

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3
Q

upper extremity components

A

pectoral girdle, humerus, forearm, carpal bones, and the hand

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4
Q

pectoral girdle components

A

scapula and clavicle

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5
Q

what is the pectoral girdle also called?

A

the shoulder

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6
Q

pectoral girdle function

A
  • anchors the upper limb to axial body
  • allows movement of the shoulder
  • site of glenohumeral joint**
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7
Q

scapula location

A
  • flat, triangular bone
  • located in the upper back
  • connects to the clavicle
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8
Q

scapula function

A
  • serves as anchoring point for the upper limb
  • site for attachment of humerus
  • provides surface for movement for the humerus
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9
Q

what is the scapula also called?

A

shoulder blade

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10
Q

scapula components

A

body, glenoid fossa, spine, acromion process, coracoid process

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11
Q

scapula body location

A

shoulder blade

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12
Q

scapula glenoid fossa location

A
  • a shallow, pyriform articular surface

- located on the lateral angle of the scapula

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13
Q

scapula glenoid fossa function

A
  • humerus articulates here

- anchoring point of limb

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14
Q

scapula spine location

A
  • extends across the dorsal surface of scapula

- runs through the anterior

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15
Q

scapula spine function

A

-origin to part of the supraspinatus fossa and infraspinatus fossa

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16
Q

scapula acromion process location

A

-the high-point located at the lateral end of the spine

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17
Q

scapula acromion process function

A
  • attachment site for portion of the deltoideus muscle(arm abductor)
  • attachment site for upper fibers in trapezius muscle
  • has a small articular facet for the distal end of clavicle to attach(clavicular facet)
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18
Q

what do the fibers in the trapezius muscle that attach to the acromion process do?

A

act as scapular rotators

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19
Q

scapula coracoid process location

A
  • looks like a crow
  • hook-like structure
  • lateral edge of the superior anterior portion of the scapula
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20
Q

scapula coracoid process function

A

-attachment for ligaments and muscles

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21
Q

clavicle location

A
  • large doubly curved bone

- located directly above first rib

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22
Q

clavicle function

A
  • helps support upper limb at the shoulder
  • serves as an attachment to the axial skeleton
  • articulates with the acromion process laterally and the manubrium medially
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23
Q

what is the clavicle also known as?

A

the collar bone

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24
Q

humerus location

A
  • long bone in upper arm

- located between the elbow joint and the shoulder

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25
Q

humerus components

A

head, anatomical neck, surgical neck, lateral and medial epicondyles, condyle, olecranon fossa, greater tubercle

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26
Q

humerus head location

A
  • proximal end of humerus

- posterior side

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27
Q

humerus head function

A
  • allows for great range of motion

- articulate with the glenoid fossa and scapula

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28
Q

humerus anatomical neck location

A

-ridge around the the outer limit of the head

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29
Q

humerus surgical neck location

A
  • region inferior to tubercles
  • top of humerus where the bone narrows
  • common fracture site**
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30
Q

humerus shaft location

A

-long middle portion of humerus

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31
Q

humerus lateral and medial epicondyles location

A
  • distal of bone

- just above condyles

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32
Q

humerus lateral and medial epicondyles function

A
  • site for attachment of tendons of the muscles of forearm

- stabilizes elbow

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33
Q

humerus condyle location

A

-distal end of humerus

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34
Q

humerus condyle components

A
  • capitulum

- trochlea

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35
Q

humerus condyle capitulum location

A
  • smooth, round

- lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus

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36
Q

humerus condyle capitulum function

A

-site of articulation for the head of radius

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37
Q

humerus condyle trochlea location

A

-medial portion of the articular surface of the elbow joint

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38
Q

humerus condyle trochlea function

A

-site of articulation for the ulna

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39
Q

humerus olecranon fossa location

A
  • deep, triangular depression
  • posterior side
  • superior to trochlea
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40
Q

humerus olecranon fossa function

A

-where the olecranon process sits

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41
Q

humerus greater tubercle location

A
  • lateral to the head

- proximal end

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42
Q

humerus greater tubercle function

A

-site of attachment of rotator cuff muscles

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43
Q

forearm components

A

ulna and radius

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44
Q

ulna location

A
  • lines up with pinkie

- opposite side of the forearm

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45
Q

ulna function

A
  • joins with larger end of humerus to make the elbow joint

- susceptible to fractures

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46
Q

ulna olecranon process location

A
  • located on posterior proximal end

- sharp part of elbow

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47
Q

ulna olecranon process function

A

-articulates with the humerus by inserting in its olecranon fossa

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48
Q

ulna head location

A
  • distal

- right before wrist flexes and extends

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49
Q

ulna styloid process location

A
  • distal end of forearm
  • projects from the medial and posterior part of bone
  • descends a little lower than the head
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50
Q

ulna styloid process function

A

-attachment site for ligaments (ligament attaches)

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51
Q

radius location

A
  • medial bone of the forearm

- lines up with thumb

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52
Q

radius components

A
  • head

- styloid process

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53
Q

radial head location

A
  • cylindrical
  • just below elbow
  • top of bone
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54
Q

radial head function

A
  • allows axial rotation of the radius

- articulates with humerus

55
Q

radial styloid process location

A
  • located on distal end

- forms bulk of wrist joint

56
Q

radial styloid process function

A
  • helps stabilize the wrist
  • articulates with the scaphoid
    • -> frequent site for fracture when one falls on their outstretched hand
57
Q

what happens to the radius and ulna when you supinate and pronate the forearm?

A

-the radius rotates around the ulna

58
Q

what are the carpal bones also known as?

59
Q

carpal bones location

A

-eight small bones arranged in two rows of four

60
Q

carpal bones distal row

A
  • trapezium*
  • trapezoid
  • capitate
  • hamate
61
Q

carpal bones proximal row

A
  • scaphoid*
  • lunate*
  • triquetrum
  • pisiform
62
Q

important characteristics of scaphoid and lunate

A
  • form the distal aspect of the wrist

- makes up most of wrist

63
Q

important characteristics of trapezium

A
  • the site of articulation for the pollex

- ->allows it to circumduct and abduct

64
Q

what is the anatomical name for the thumb?

65
Q

hand components

A

metacarpals and phalanges

66
Q

metacarpals composition

A
  • long bones in palm
  • five of them
  • numbered using roman numerals
  • II-IV have three while I and V have two
  • ranges from proximal, intermediate, and distal
67
Q

phalanges composition

A
  • bones of digits
  • fourteen of them
  • II-IV have three while I and V have two
  • each phalanx has a proximal, middle, and distal end
68
Q

what is the anatomical name for fingers?

A
  • digits

- each phalanx has a proximal, middle, and distal end

69
Q

characteristics of the hand

A
  • bones are numbered 1-5

- numbered starting from the thumb to the pinky

70
Q

lower extremities components

A
  • pelvic girdle
  • thigh
  • knee
  • leg
  • ankle
71
Q

pelvic girdle components

A

-hip bones

72
Q

as a human is still developing, what bones of the os coxae are separated?

A

ilium, ischium, and pubis

73
Q

what is the anatomical name for hip bones?

74
Q

how are the hip bones united?

A
  • united anteriorly

- united with the sacrum posteriorly

75
Q

regions of the os coxae

A
  • ilium
  • ischium
  • pubis(pubic bone)
76
Q

os coxae ilium location

A
  • anterior

- lateral to the sacrum at the base of the spinal cord

77
Q

os coxae ilium function

A

-forms superior region of os coxae

78
Q

os coxae ischium location

A
  • inferoposterior portion of hip bone
  • arc-shaped
  • thicker superior body adjoining the ilium
  • has thinner inferior ramus
79
Q

os coxae pubis location

A
  • anterior portion of hip bone
  • flattened, irregular shaped, bone
  • articulates with the symphysis pubis
80
Q

major landmarks of os coxae

A
  • iliac crest
  • anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
  • symphysis pubis
  • acetabulum
  • ischial tuberosity
  • obturator foramen
  • greater sciatic notch
81
Q

os coxae iliac crest location

A

-superior margin of the ilium

82
Q

os coxae anterior superior iliac spine location

A

-anterior side of the ilium

83
Q

os coxae anterior superior iliac spine function

A
  • site of muscle attachment

- used to locate the level of the ovaries

84
Q

os coxae symphysis pubis location

A
  • anterior part of full pelvis
  • between left and right pubic bones
  • near the midline of the body
85
Q

os coxae symphysis pubis function

A
  • absorb shock when walking
  • formed when two hip bones are attached in front
  • allows delivery of a baby
86
Q

os coxae acetabulum location

A
  • cup shaped depression
  • lateral side of os coxae
  • glenoid fossa of the hips
87
Q

os coxae acetabulum function

A

-head of femur articulates here

88
Q

os coxae ischial tuberosity location

A
  • ridge of bone

- inferoposterior aspect of the ischial bone

89
Q

os coxae ischial tuberosity function

A

-site of muscle and ligament attachment

90
Q

os coxae obturator foramen location

A
  • large, circular opening

- lateral side of os coxae

91
Q

os coxae obturator foramen function

A
  • covered by a membrane for muscle attachment

- passage for nerves and blood vessels

92
Q

os coxae greater sciatic notch location

A
  • large indentation

- inferior to the posterior iliac spine

93
Q

os coxae greater sciatic notch function

A

-passage for sciatic nerve

94
Q

what degree is the pubic angle in females and males and why?

A

males <90 and >90 in females for child birth

95
Q

what is the anatomical name for the thigh?

96
Q

femur components

A
  • head
  • surgical neck
  • shaft
  • greater trochanter
  • medial and lateral epicondyles
  • medial and lateral epicondyles
97
Q

femoral head location

A
  • rounded region
  • proximal end of femur
  • socket on hip bone
98
Q

femoral head function

A

-articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxa

99
Q

femoral surgical neck location

A
  • angled superomedially from the trochanter
  • inferior to the head of the femur
  • most narrow part of the femur
  • frequent site of fractures
100
Q

femoral shaft location

A

-long, straight part of femur

101
Q

femoral greater trochanter location

A
  • large superolateral projection on the proximal end

- just inferior to the neck

102
Q

femoral greater trochanter function

A

-site of attachment for tendons of muscles

103
Q

femoral medial and lateral epicondyle location

A

-superior to the condyles

104
Q

femoral medial and lateral epicondyle function

A

-site of muscle attachment

105
Q

femoral medial and lateral condyles location

A

-distal end of femur

106
Q

femoral medial and lateral condyles function

A

-articulates directly with tibia

107
Q

what is the anatomical name for the knee?

108
Q

patella location

A
  • knee cap
  • small, triangular bone
  • develops with tendon
109
Q

patella function

A

-contributes to the efficiency of movement of the leg

110
Q

the leg components

A
  • tibia

- fibula

111
Q

tibia components

A
  • medial/lateral facets

- medial malleolus

112
Q

fibula components

A
  • head

- lateral malleolus

113
Q

tibia location

A

-long bone

114
Q

tibia function

A

-articulates at the knee and the talus at the ankle

115
Q

tibia medial and lateral facets location

A
  • broad concave structure

- located medially/laterally at the proximal end

116
Q

tibia medial and lateral facets function

A

-articulates with medial/lateral condyle

117
Q

tibia medial malleolus location

A
  • medial downward projection

- distal end of tibia

118
Q

tibia medial malleolus function

A

-forms the medial bulge of the ankle

119
Q

fibula location

A
  • slender bone
  • slightly expanded ends
  • runs parallel to the tibia along the lower leg
120
Q

fibula function

A

-articulates with the talus of the ankle at its distal end

121
Q

fibula head location

A

-upper extended proximal end

122
Q

fibula head function

A

-articulates with the fibular articular surface of tibia

123
Q

fibula lateral malleolus location

A
  • spade shaped
  • distal expanded end
  • extends 3/4 inches below the ankle joint
124
Q

fibula lateral malleolus function

A
  • articulates with the fibular notch of the tibia

- -> forms the distal tibiofibular joint

125
Q

what is the anatomical name for ankles?

126
Q

components of tarsals

A
  • talus

- calcaneus

127
Q

tarsals location

A
  • seven short/irregular bones

- closely united by ligaments

128
Q

tarsals function

A

-supports the weight of the body

129
Q

tarsals talus location

A

-between calcaneus and the fibula and tibia

130
Q

tarsals talus function

A
  • articulates with the tibia and fibula

- forms the whole ankle joint

131
Q

tarsals calcaneus location

A
  • back of foot (heel bone)
  • just below talus, tibia, and fibula bones
  • largest of all bones
132
Q

tarsals calcaneus function

A

-act as a lever for your calf muscles

133
Q

what is the anatomical name for the foot?

A

metatarsals and phalanges

134
Q

what is the anatomical name for big toe?

Anatomy (41 decks)

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