Tissue 2 Flashcards
what tissue is the most abundant in the human body?
connective tissue
what is connective tissue composed of?
large amount of intercellular material
is connective tissue highly or poorly vascularized
poorly (but there are exceptions)
what are types of connective tissue?
- connective tissue proper (loose areolar, dense, elastic, adipose)
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
what does connective tissue proper mean?
it’s fibrous connective tissue
general function of connective tissue
- protection
- supports and binds other tissues together
- provides metabolic needs of other tissues
intercellular matrix (within connective tissue) composition
- ground substance
- fibers
ground substance function
-serves as a pathway for the transport and exchange of nutrients and waste products between the blood and tissue cells
ground substance structure
- homogenous material produced by CT cells
- varies in consistency
fibers function
provides strength and flexibility (there’s various types)
collagenous fiber composition
- composed of the protein collagen
- flexible yet strong (important)
elastic fiber composition
- composed of protein elastin
- capable of stretching
reticular fiber composition
- thin threads
- forms a delicate network
- mush-like
connective tissue cell types
- fibroblast
- fat cells
- macrophages
- plasma cells
- mast cells
what are fat cells also called?
adipocytes
what are macrophages also called?
phagocytes
fibroblast cells
- most abundant cell
- star or elongated cell which produces and maintains CT fibers
what does ‘-blast’ in fibroblast mean?
it’s a cell that’s actively producing something (in this case it’s collagen)
fat cells
stores fats (lipids)
macrophages
engulfs bacteria and debris
plasma cells
produce antibodies
mast cells
mediates inflammatory responses
types of connective tissues proper
loose (areolar), dense (irregular and regular), elastic, adipose
loose (areolar) CT proper composition
- abundant intercellular material
- few cells
- few scattered fibers
- very vascular
- very flexible
loose (areolar) CT proper location
- distributed throughout the body
- packing material around organs
- surrounds muscles and blood vessels
- binds skin to underlying muscle (in a loose way)
dense irregular CT proper composition
fibers are poorly arranged
dense regular CT proper composition
fibers are parallel to another
dense CT proper location
- ligaments
- tendons
- outer covering of the eye
elastic CT proper composition
- contains many irregular arranged elastic fibers
- can be easily stretched and returns to original size
elastic CT proper location
- walls of arteries
- larynx, trachea, bronchi
adipose CT proper composition
composed of fat cells filled with lipid
adipose CT proper location
throughout the body
dense CT proper composition
- large number of collagenous fibers packed closely together
- poor blood supply
- strong yet flexible
cartilage composition
- intercellular matrix (chondroitin sulfate)
- cells
- fibers
cartilage’s special characteristics
- perichondrium
- avascular
perichondrium
tough, outer CT covering
avascular
receives nutrients by diffusion
type of vascular cartilage
- hyaline cartilage
- fibrocartilage
- elastic cartilage
hyaline cartilage composition
- forms cartilaginous skeleton which serves as a model during fetal development
- “articular cartilage”- covers the surface/ends of long bones at a joint
hyaline cartilage location
- nose
- trachea
- bronchi
- ends of long bones
fibrocartilage composition
- contains more fibers
- able to withstand compression
- fibers arranged in parallel bundles; increase in tensile strength
fibrocartilage location
- intervertebral disc
- symphysis pubis (cartilage pad)
- menisci of the knee joint
elastic cartilage composition
-numerous elastic fibers for increased flexibility
elastic cartilage location
- auditory (eustachian) tube
- external ear
- larynx (epiglottis)
chondrocytes
produces matrix
