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MED 310 > synaptic transmission > Flashcards

synaptic transmission Flashcards

1
Q

4 types of neural communcation

A

1.electriclal synapse- gap junction- ion/ small molecule exchange
2. chemical synapse- mediated by neurotransmitter- naming depends on target cell
3. neuromuscular junction (neuron with muscle)
4. neuroendocrine system- neuron with bloodstream to organ

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2
Q

majority of neural communcation

A

occurs via chemical synapse

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3
Q

4 types of transmitters

A
  1. conventional- small molecule stored in vesicles
  2. neuropeptide stored in vesicles
  3. gas no storage, on demand, cross bilayer
  4. lipid no storage, on demand, cross bilayer
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4
Q

examples of conventional neurotransmitters

A

amino acid (glutamate, gaba)
monoamines (NE, DA, 5HT)
acetylcholine

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5
Q

examples of neuropeptide neurotransmitters

A

substance p and nasopressin

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6
Q

examples of gas neurotransmitters

A

nitric oxide
carbon dioxide

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7
Q

examples of lipid neurotransmitters

A

endocannabinoid
prtraglandin

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8
Q

common types of neurotransmitters

A

small molecule and neuropeptide

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9
Q

can neurons release multiple neurotransmitters

A

yes most can
functionally affects neurodegenerative deseases bc both main and co transmitters are lost

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10
Q

what happens when AP arrives to end of axon

A

Ca infux in and neurotrnasmitter is released

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11
Q

3 fates of neurotransmitter

A
  1. uptake
  2. degradation
  3. diffusion
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12
Q

what is common to every synapse

A
  1. action potential
  2. ca influx
  3. exocytosis
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13
Q

what is specific to each neurotransmitter

A
  1. uptake
  2. synthesis
  3. degradation
  4. receptor activation
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14
Q

ionotropic receptor

A

fast (miliseconds)
excitatory or inhibitory depending on ions
mediated by ion channels

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15
Q

G protein couples receptor (metabotropic)

A

long lasting (second to min)
excitatory or inibitory depending on signaling pathway
mediated by secondary messengers regulating downstream effectors (ion channels and gene/protein expression)

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16
Q

GPCR diveristy

A

very diverse

17
Q

common drug targers

A

GPCR

18
Q

do all receptors have the same response to the same neurotransmitter

A

no

19
Q

differences in different receptors

A
  1. different kinetics
  2. be linked to different signalling mechanisms
  3. be expressed at different subcellular locations
  4. be modulated or regulated differently
20
Q

EPSP

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential

21
Q

IPSP

A

inhibitory postsynaptic potential

22
Q

what are EPSP + IPSP due to

A

activation of ionotropic receptors or activation/ inhibition of ion channels via GPCRs

23
Q

what kind of potentials are post synaptic potential

A

graded and not regenerative aka they diminish

24
Q

temporal summation

A

single synapse activating multiple times at quick succession

25
Q

spatial summationn

A

occurs when multiple synapses activate simultaneously. can occur between excitatory and inhibitory synapses

26
Q

two types of synaptic integration

A

temporal and spatial summation

27
Q

what causes synaptic strength to change

A

neuromodulators and drugs

28
Q

synaptic modulation

A

leads to synaptic facilitation or synaptic inhibition

29
Q

is synaptic strength constant

A

no

30
Q

what are the targets of synaptic modulation

A

any step of neurotransmission.
psychoactive substance or drug target

31
Q

synaptic plasticity

A

can yield synaptic potentiation or synaptic depression

32
Q

variation of synaptic plasticity

A

can vary based on
different synapses
different physiological states, pathological states
firing pattern of presynaptic neuron

33
Q

difference between synaptic modulation and plasticity

A

modulation: neuromodulator dependant
endogenous modulators: neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines
exogenous modulators: psychoactive drugs
plasticity

plasticity: synaptic activity dependant
short term or long term (hours to years)

34
Q

at what level does summation occur

A

at cell body

35
Q

at what level does synaptic modulation and plasticity occur

A

at synapses

MED 310 (47 decks)

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