extra Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of hormone is insulin

A

peptide hormone

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2
Q

what kind of hormones cause gene activation

A

lipophilic hormones

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3
Q

how many and what are the mechanisms of lipophilic hormmones

A

either gene activation by binding to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors

or surface receptors that activate second messenger systems- NON genomic action

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4
Q

what feedback mechanism do neural reflexes use

A

feed forward

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5
Q

what does an organism use to regulate its internal conditions

A

feedback mechanisms

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6
Q

what are the parts of the ECF

A

plasma
interstitial fluid

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7
Q

what between endocrine and nervous system uses the same mechanism

A

secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters

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8
Q

how is hormone availability controlled

A
  1. secretion
  2. activation of some hormones
  3. binding of lipophilic hormones to plasma proteins
  4. inactivation
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9
Q

what is happening in both negative and positive feedback

A

a signal is continuously stimulating hormone secretion

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10
Q

what does a variable have

A

a set point

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11
Q

what kind of hormone leads to activation of intracellular enzymes that generate second messengers that amplify the hormone signal

A

peptide/ hydrophilic hormones

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12
Q

what kind of hormone has signal amplification

A

hydrophilic hormones

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13
Q

what causes vasoconstriction, where are these cells and what does this do

A

vasopressin
in the vascular smooth muscle
maintains blood pressure

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14
Q

where does ADH bind to in the collecting ducts

A

AVPR2 receptors

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15
Q

what kind of tissue makes up the posterior pituitary

A

nervous tissue

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16
Q

what kind of tissue makes up the anterior pituitary

A

endocrine tissue

17
Q

what does cells shrinking due to high ECF cause

A

cationic channels to activate and depolarization occurs

this happens in osmoreceptors which leads the SO and PVN to make ADH

18
Q

where are posterior pituitary hormones made and packaged

A

in the cell body of a neuron in vesicles starting in the hypothalamus and ending in the posterior pituitary

19
Q

what connects the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus

A

the hypothalamic- posterior pituitary stalk

20
Q

what produces the posterior pituitary hormones

A

the neurosecretory neuronal cell bodies of the hypothalamus

21
Q

what releases the posterior pituitary hormones into the systemic venous blood

A

neuronal terminals in posterior pituitary

22
Q

what is hypovolemia

A

low blood volume

23
Q

where are osmoreceptors

A

in OVLT and SFO

24
Q

what are the integrators in the osmoreception loop

A

PVN and SO

25
what are the effectors in the osmoreception loop
kidney collecting tubules
26
what causes increased ADH secretion with respect to baroreceptors
decreased stretch
27
what part of the osmoreceptor loop does alcohol inhibit
the PVN and SO secretion of ADH