extra Flashcards
what kind of hormone is insulin
peptide hormone
what kind of hormones cause gene activation
lipophilic hormones
how many and what are the mechanisms of lipophilic hormmones
either gene activation by binding to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors
or surface receptors that activate second messenger systems- NON genomic action
what feedback mechanism do neural reflexes use
feed forward
what does an organism use to regulate its internal conditions
feedback mechanisms
what are the parts of the ECF
plasma
interstitial fluid
what between endocrine and nervous system uses the same mechanism
secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters
how is hormone availability controlled
- secretion
- activation of some hormones
- binding of lipophilic hormones to plasma proteins
- inactivation
what is happening in both negative and positive feedback
a signal is continuously stimulating hormone secretion
what does a variable have
a set point
what kind of hormone leads to activation of intracellular enzymes that generate second messengers that amplify the hormone signal
peptide/ hydrophilic hormones
what kind of hormone has signal amplification
hydrophilic hormones
what causes vasoconstriction, where are these cells and what does this do
vasopressin
in the vascular smooth muscle
maintains blood pressure
where does ADH bind to in the collecting ducts
AVPR2 receptors
what kind of tissue makes up the posterior pituitary
nervous tissue
what kind of tissue makes up the anterior pituitary
endocrine tissue
what does cells shrinking due to high ECF cause
cationic channels to activate and depolarization occurs
this happens in osmoreceptors which leads the SO and PVN to make ADH
where are posterior pituitary hormones made and packaged
in the cell body of a neuron in vesicles starting in the hypothalamus and ending in the posterior pituitary
what connects the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus
the hypothalamic- posterior pituitary stalk
what produces the posterior pituitary hormones
the neurosecretory neuronal cell bodies of the hypothalamus
what releases the posterior pituitary hormones into the systemic venous blood
neuronal terminals in posterior pituitary
what is hypovolemia
low blood volume
where are osmoreceptors
in OVLT and SFO
what are the integrators in the osmoreception loop
PVN and SO
what are the effectors in the osmoreception loop
kidney collecting tubules
what causes increased ADH secretion with respect to baroreceptors
decreased stretch
what part of the osmoreceptor loop does alcohol inhibit
the PVN and SO secretion of ADH
