extra

Question 1

what kind of hormone is insulin

Answer 1

peptide hormone

Question 2

what kind of hormones cause gene activation

Answer 2

lipophilic hormones

Question 3

how many and what are the mechanisms of lipophilic hormmones

Answer 3

either gene activation by binding to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors

or surface receptors that activate second messenger systems- NON genomic action

Question 4

what feedback mechanism do neural reflexes use

Answer 4

feed forward

Question 5

what does an organism use to regulate its internal conditions

Answer 5

feedback mechanisms

Question 6

what are the parts of the ECF

Answer 6

plasma
interstitial fluid

Question 7

what between endocrine and nervous system uses the same mechanism

Answer 7

secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters

Question 8

how is hormone availability controlled

Answer 8

1. secretion
2. activation of some hormones
3. binding of lipophilic hormones to plasma proteins
4. inactivation

Question 9

what is happening in both negative and positive feedback

Answer 9

a signal is continuously stimulating hormone secretion

Question 10

what does a variable have

Answer 10

a set point

Question 11

what kind of hormone leads to activation of intracellular enzymes that generate second messengers that amplify the hormone signal

Answer 11

peptide/ hydrophilic hormones

Question 12

what kind of hormone has signal amplification

Answer 12

hydrophilic hormones

Question 13

what causes vasoconstriction, where are these cells and what does this do

Answer 13

vasopressin
in the vascular smooth muscle
maintains blood pressure

Question 14

where does ADH bind to in the collecting ducts

Answer 14

AVPR2 receptors

Question 15

what kind of tissue makes up the posterior pituitary

Answer 15

nervous tissue

Question 16

what kind of tissue makes up the anterior pituitary

Answer 16

endocrine tissue

Question 17

what does cells shrinking due to high ECF cause

Answer 17

cationic channels to activate and depolarization occurs

this happens in osmoreceptors which leads the SO and PVN to make ADH

Question 18

where are posterior pituitary hormones made and packaged

Answer 18

in the cell body of a neuron in vesicles starting in the hypothalamus and ending in the posterior pituitary

Question 19

what connects the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus

Answer 19

the hypothalamic- posterior pituitary stalk

Question 20

what produces the posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 20

the neurosecretory neuronal cell bodies of the hypothalamus

Question 21

what releases the posterior pituitary hormones into the systemic venous blood

Answer 21

neuronal terminals in posterior pituitary

Question 22

what is hypovolemia

Answer 22

low blood volume

Question 23

where are osmoreceptors

Answer 23

in OVLT and SFO

Question 24

what are the integrators in the osmoreception loop

Answer 24

PVN and SO

Question 25

what are the effectors in the osmoreception loop

Answer 25

kidney collecting tubules

Question 26

what causes increased ADH secretion with respect to baroreceptors

Answer 26

decreased stretch

Question 27

what part of the osmoreceptor loop does alcohol inhibit

Answer 27

the PVN and SO secretion of ADH