extra Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of hormone is insulin

A

peptide hormone

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2
Q

what kind of hormones cause gene activation

A

lipophilic hormones

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3
Q

how many and what are the mechanisms of lipophilic hormmones

A

either gene activation by binding to cytoplasmic or nuclear receptors

or surface receptors that activate second messenger systems- NON genomic action

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4
Q

what feedback mechanism do neural reflexes use

A

feed forward

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5
Q

what does an organism use to regulate its internal conditions

A

feedback mechanisms

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6
Q

what are the parts of the ECF

A

plasma
interstitial fluid

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7
Q

what between endocrine and nervous system uses the same mechanism

A

secretion of hormones and neurotransmitters

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8
Q

how is hormone availability controlled

A
  1. secretion
  2. activation of some hormones
  3. binding of lipophilic hormones to plasma proteins
  4. inactivation
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9
Q

what is happening in both negative and positive feedback

A

a signal is continuously stimulating hormone secretion

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10
Q

what does a variable have

A

a set point

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11
Q

what kind of hormone leads to activation of intracellular enzymes that generate second messengers that amplify the hormone signal

A

peptide/ hydrophilic hormones

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12
Q

what kind of hormone has signal amplification

A

hydrophilic hormones

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13
Q

what causes vasoconstriction, where are these cells and what does this do

A

vasopressin
in the vascular smooth muscle
maintains blood pressure

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14
Q

where does ADH bind to in the collecting ducts

A

AVPR2 receptors

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15
Q

what kind of tissue makes up the posterior pituitary

A

nervous tissue

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16
Q

what kind of tissue makes up the anterior pituitary

A

endocrine tissue

17
Q

what does cells shrinking due to high ECF cause

A

cationic channels to activate and depolarization occurs

this happens in osmoreceptors which leads the SO and PVN to make ADH

18
Q

where are posterior pituitary hormones made and packaged

A

in the cell body of a neuron in vesicles starting in the hypothalamus and ending in the posterior pituitary

19
Q

what connects the posterior pituitary and the hypothalamus

A

the hypothalamic- posterior pituitary stalk

20
Q

what produces the posterior pituitary hormones

A

the neurosecretory neuronal cell bodies of the hypothalamus

21
Q

what releases the posterior pituitary hormones into the systemic venous blood

A

neuronal terminals in posterior pituitary

22
Q

what is hypovolemia

A

low blood volume

23
Q

where are osmoreceptors

A

in OVLT and SFO

24
Q

what are the integrators in the osmoreception loop

A

PVN and SO

25
Q

what are the effectors in the osmoreception loop

A

kidney collecting tubules

26
Q

what causes increased ADH secretion with respect to baroreceptors

A

decreased stretch

27
Q

what part of the osmoreceptor loop does alcohol inhibit

A

the PVN and SO secretion of ADH