extra Flashcards

1
Q

what is present between afferent and efferent fibres of spinal nerves

A

interneuron

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2
Q

stepping on something sharp

A

crossed extention coupled with withdrawal reflex

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3
Q

what does a stimulus do to a receptor

A

inc its permeability, causing non selective opening of all ion channels causing influx of sodium and depolarization

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4
Q

what has no refractory period

A

receptor

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5
Q

where are tertiary sensory neurons

A

in thalamus

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6
Q

tactile receptors in skin phasic or tonic

A

phasic

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7
Q

muscle stretch and joint phasic or tonic

A

tonic

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8
Q

what displays labelled line coding

A

somatosensory

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9
Q

what neurons do lateral inhibition

A

secondary neurons in spinal chord or medulla

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10
Q

neuron firing in wakeful state

A

not coordinated due to RAS

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11
Q

what hapepns to the two cells produced by the mitotic division of the spermatogonia

A

one goes to the germ line to maintain it

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12
Q

what hapepns to the two cells produced by the mitotic division of the spermatogonia

A

one goes to the germ line to maintain it
one goes to lumen to undergo spermatogenesis

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13
Q

when do sperm cells stop sharing cytoplasm

A

between spermatid and spermatozoa

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14
Q

process of spermatid to spermatozoa

A

spermiogenesis not spermatogeneiss

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15
Q

where are spermatozoa stored and concentrated

A

epidydimis

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16
Q

how is semen quality measured

A

spermiogram

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17
Q

where does sperm emission occru

A

in the urethra

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18
Q

how is the erection generating centre triggered

A

mechanically by touching glans penis

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19
Q

what does cGMP maintain

A

corpus cavernosum relaxation

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20
Q

ICSI what type of oocyte

A

MII

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21
Q

what develops into the fetal portion of the placenta

A

tropoblast

22
Q

what does the inner cell mass of the blastocyst become

23
Q

decidua

A

endometrium

24
Q

what secretes hCG

A

tropoblast cells

25
where is the blastocyst when implantation finishes
buried in the endomedrium
26
when do braxton hicks contractinos occur
during latee gestation
27
what happesn during late gestation
fetus shifts downwards snad drops softening of cervix by relaxin and CL of pregnancy braxton hicks contarctions
28
what produces relaxin
placenta
29
onset triggers of parturuition
high CRH, high estrogen, inflamatory respones
30
why does uternien onvolution take place
because estrogen and progesterone drop rapidly bc placental source is gone
31
lochia
remainig endometrial tissue shed as normal vaginal discharge
32
how many weeks is premature
3
33
what stimulates hCS
high estrogen
34
what initiates lactatio
sudden drop in progesteron and estrogen after delivery
35
lobule number per breast
15-20
36
where are alveoli
in lobules
37
mulk producing unit
alveolus clustered into terminal lobules
38
how is milk deliverred to nipple
duct system
39
when are mammary glands functional and alveolar ductal system functional
mammary glands prepare during pregnancy and alveoli not functional until after birth
40
wehn is mature milk produced
25 days
41
when is collustrum produced
3 days
42
contains immunity factors, minerals, protein, rediness for newbron GI tract to have a microbiome
collustrum
43
what are the defensice agents in breastmilk
mucus, lactoferrin (iron binding to inhibit bad gut bacteria) stimulatro ymolecule for good gut bacteria (bifidus factor)
44
hormones that are permissive for lactation
cortisol, insulin, PTH, GH
45
galactogogues
increase PROLACTIN hormone in women insuffieicntj in mmilk production
46
what suppreses menstrual cycle
breastfeeding, LH and FSH suppressed
47
feedback of oral contracceptives
negative
48
clamping oviduct
tubal ligation
49
what do oral cnotraceptives do
supress FSH and LH for 21 days then off for 7 days
50
what does morning after pill do
synthetic progesterone effective up to 5 day