extra 4 Flashcards
what kind of nerves have varicosities
autonomic nerves
PNS OR SNS causes contraction of pupils
parasympathetic nervous system
what do presynaptic symapthetic fibres pass thru or synapse at
the paravertebral sympathetic trunk
what do the cranial nervse 3, 7, 9 innervate
the salivary glands and the smooth eye muscles
what is innervated by sympathetic nerves only
peripheral arterioles and sweat glands
where is b2 present
skeletal muscles and bronchioles
where is m2 present
in heart and bladder
what pns or sns innervates most internal organs
both in anagonistic tonic control
what happens to bronchioles in stress
they dialate
where are preganglionic neurons
in spinal chord segments t1-l2
what does the grey ramus join
correspondning spinal nerves to target
what does the grey ramus join
correspondning spinal nerves to target
for the preganglionic sympathetic nerves that pass thorugh the paravertebral sympathetic trunk, where do they synapse
in the collateral ganglia
cervical ganglia
reach the adrenal glands
what do visual based neural signals pass thorugh
the optic nerve, intermediate retinal neurons, retinal ganglion cells/ optic nerve, LGN, visual cortex
far focus sympathetical or parasympathetic
sympathetic
near focus pns or sns
parasympathetic
neural connections mediating accomodation
optic nerve to oculomotor nuclei, oculomotor axon, to ciliary body muscles
what fibres shorten in low light conditions
radial fibres
what fibres shorten in high light conditions
concentric fibres shorten
what muscles contract in high light conditions
constrictor pupilae muscles
what muscles contract in low light conditions
dialator pupilae muscles
what does photoreceptor density in the eye affect
visual accuity
first number of snellen
test distance
second number in snellen
how far a normal person can see
what is the optic disk
our blind spot
what is the macula
the area around the fovea
cones or rods in fovea
cones or rods in peripheral
cones in fovea
rods in peripheral
what is high sensititity and high acuity
cones
what is no color sensitivity and no acuity but high sensitivity
rods
s cone color and wavelength
blue- short wavelength
m cone color
green
when are discs of visual pigment molecule displaced
dinural cycle peaking in the morning
is rhodopsin stimulated in the dark
no
is rhodopsin stiumlated or unstimulated in the dark
Unstimulated
what does PDE and transducin do
degrades cGMP
what does photoreceptor hyperpolarization lead to
decreased release of inhihibitory neurotransmitters such as glutamate which increaes APs
what axons stay tempral and what axons cross at the optic chiasm
temprota stay and nasal cross
