extra 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of nerves have varicosities

A

autonomic nerves

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2
Q

PNS OR SNS causes contraction of pupils

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

what do presynaptic symapthetic fibres pass thru or synapse at

A

the paravertebral sympathetic trunk

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4
Q

what do the cranial nervse 3, 7, 9 innervate

A

the salivary glands and the smooth eye muscles

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5
Q

what is innervated by sympathetic nerves only

A

peripheral arterioles and sweat glands

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6
Q

where is b2 present

A

skeletal muscles and bronchioles

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7
Q

where is m2 present

A

in heart and bladder

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8
Q

what pns or sns innervates most internal organs

A

both in anagonistic tonic control

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9
Q

what happens to bronchioles in stress

A

they dialate

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10
Q

where are preganglionic neurons

A

in spinal chord segments t1-l2

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11
Q

what does the grey ramus join

A

correspondning spinal nerves to target

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11
Q

what does the grey ramus join

A

correspondning spinal nerves to target

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12
Q

for the preganglionic sympathetic nerves that pass thorugh the paravertebral sympathetic trunk, where do they synapse

A

in the collateral ganglia

cervical ganglia

reach the adrenal glands

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13
Q

what do visual based neural signals pass thorugh

A

the optic nerve, intermediate retinal neurons, retinal ganglion cells/ optic nerve, LGN, visual cortex

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14
Q

far focus sympathetical or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

near focus pns or sns

A

parasympathetic

16
Q

neural connections mediating accomodation

A

optic nerve to oculomotor nuclei, oculomotor axon, to ciliary body muscles

17
Q

what fibres shorten in low light conditions

A

radial fibres

18
Q

what fibres shorten in high light conditions

A

concentric fibres shorten

19
Q

what muscles contract in high light conditions

A

constrictor pupilae muscles

20
Q

what muscles contract in low light conditions

A

dialator pupilae muscles

21
Q

what does photoreceptor density in the eye affect

A

visual accuity

22
Q

first number of snellen

A

test distance

23
Q

second number in snellen

A

how far a normal person can see

24
Q

what is the optic disk

A

our blind spot

25
Q

what is the macula

A

the area around the fovea

26
Q

cones or rods in fovea
cones or rods in peripheral

A

cones in fovea
rods in peripheral

27
Q

what is high sensititity and high acuity

A

cones

28
Q

what is no color sensitivity and no acuity but high sensitivity

A

rods

29
Q

s cone color and wavelength

A

blue- short wavelength

30
Q

m cone color

A

green

31
Q

when are discs of visual pigment molecule displaced

A

dinural cycle peaking in the morning

32
Q

is rhodopsin stimulated in the dark

A

no

33
Q

is rhodopsin stiumlated or unstimulated in the dark

A

Unstimulated

34
Q

what does PDE and transducin do

A

degrades cGMP

35
Q

what does photoreceptor hyperpolarization lead to

A

decreased release of inhihibitory neurotransmitters such as glutamate which increaes APs

36
Q

what axons stay tempral and what axons cross at the optic chiasm

A

temprota stay and nasal cross