extra 4 Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of nerves have varicosities

A

autonomic nerves

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2
Q

PNS OR SNS causes contraction of pupils

A

parasympathetic nervous system

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3
Q

what do presynaptic symapthetic fibres pass thru or synapse at

A

the paravertebral sympathetic trunk

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4
Q

what do the cranial nervse 3, 7, 9 innervate

A

the salivary glands and the smooth eye muscles

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5
Q

what is innervated by sympathetic nerves only

A

peripheral arterioles and sweat glands

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6
Q

where is b2 present

A

skeletal muscles and bronchioles

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7
Q

where is m2 present

A

in heart and bladder

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8
Q

what pns or sns innervates most internal organs

A

both in anagonistic tonic control

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9
Q

what happens to bronchioles in stress

A

they dialate

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10
Q

where are preganglionic neurons

A

in spinal chord segments t1-l2

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11
Q

what does the grey ramus join

A

correspondning spinal nerves to target

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11
Q

what does the grey ramus join

A

correspondning spinal nerves to target

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12
Q

for the preganglionic sympathetic nerves that pass thorugh the paravertebral sympathetic trunk, where do they synapse

A

in the collateral ganglia

cervical ganglia

reach the adrenal glands

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13
Q

what do visual based neural signals pass thorugh

A

the optic nerve, intermediate retinal neurons, retinal ganglion cells/ optic nerve, LGN, visual cortex

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14
Q

far focus sympathetical or parasympathetic

A

sympathetic

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15
Q

near focus pns or sns

A

parasympathetic

16
Q

neural connections mediating accomodation

A

optic nerve to oculomotor nuclei, oculomotor axon, to ciliary body muscles

17
Q

what fibres shorten in low light conditions

A

radial fibres

18
Q

what fibres shorten in high light conditions

A

concentric fibres shorten

19
Q

what muscles contract in high light conditions

A

constrictor pupilae muscles

20
Q

what muscles contract in low light conditions

A

dialator pupilae muscles

21
Q

what does photoreceptor density in the eye affect

A

visual accuity

22
Q

first number of snellen

A

test distance

23
Q

second number in snellen

A

how far a normal person can see

24
what is the optic disk
our blind spot
25
what is the macula
the area around the fovea
26
cones or rods in fovea cones or rods in peripheral
cones in fovea rods in peripheral
27
what is high sensititity and high acuity
cones
28
what is no color sensitivity and no acuity but high sensitivity
rods
29
s cone color and wavelength
blue- short wavelength
30
m cone color
green
31
when are discs of visual pigment molecule displaced
dinural cycle peaking in the morning
32
is rhodopsin stimulated in the dark
no
33
is rhodopsin stiumlated or unstimulated in the dark
Unstimulated
34
what does PDE and transducin do
degrades cGMP
35
what does photoreceptor hyperpolarization lead to
decreased release of inhihibitory neurotransmitters such as glutamate which increaes APs
36
what axons stay tempral and what axons cross at the optic chiasm
temprota stay and nasal cross