extra

Question 1

spindle cell

Answer 1

smooth muscle

Question 2

contractile element of muscle fibre

Answer 2

myofibril

Question 3

functional unit of straited muscle

Answer 3

sarcomere

Question 4

what is in the I band

Answer 4

z line and light fillaments

Question 5

what is released at the motor endplate

Answer 5

acetylcholine

Question 6

what does acetylcholine bind to in muscle

Answer 6

nicotinic receptors causing a lot of na to come in and little k to leave to depolarize and more na open to make AP

Question 7

what ion depolarizes skeletal muscle

Answer 7

sodium

Question 8

what do calcim ions bind to and what does this do

Answer 8

binds to troponin andthis causes tropomyosin to move over

Question 9

where is troponin initially

Answer 9

on actin fillaments

Question 10

VNO accessory olfactory bulb pathways

Answer 10

more restricted- amygdala and hypothalamus

Question 11

subcortical route

Answer 11

to regions of limbic system, medial sides of temporal lobe (primary olfactory cortex)

Question 12

thalamo cortical route

Answer 12

conscious perception of smell and fine discrimination of smell

Question 13

what refines the sense of smell and relays it to brain for further processing

Answer 13

mitral cells

Question 14

taste pathway in CNS

Answer 14

toungue
medulla and area postrema
pons
thalamus
insular and orbital cortex

Question 15

ducts of the chochlea

Answer 15

vestibular duct
choclear duct
tympanic duct

Question 16

what initiated neural pathway for auditory perception

Answer 16

hair cells in cochlea

Question 17

what do hair cells synapse with

Answer 17

nerve fibres of cochlear nerve that feed the auditory cortex

Question 18

where are auditody sound tracts split

Answer 18

in the medulla

Question 19

what muscles are used in VOR

Answer 19

extraocurlar muscle

Question 20

movement of what bends the cupula

Answer 20

endolymph

Question 21

alternating slow and fast eye moveemnts in opposing directions

Answer 21

nystagmus

Question 22

what detects linear acceleartion

Answer 22

macula of the otolith

Question 23

3 neuron arc in hearing

Answer 23

primary cristae afferents (medial vestibular nucelus)

vestibular interneurons

abducens nuceus

extraocular lateral motorneuron

Question 24

3 neuron arc in hearing

Answer 24

primary cristae afferents (medial vestibular nucelus)

vestibular interneurons

abducens nuceus

extraocular lateral motorneuronin

Question 25

increase pacemaker cell activity in the gut enhancing fut contracio and peristalic moevemets via electromechanical couplinh

Answer 25

M2 + M3

Question 26

what inihibits myosin in smooth muscle

Answer 26

calponin and caldesmon removed when phosphoryalted by PKC

Question 27

what opens and closes calcium channels in electromechancal contraction

Answer 27

depolarization and hyperpolarization
depolarization opesn

Question 28

what is ATP coreleased with

Answer 28

noreadrenaline and acetylcholine

Question 29

EJP

Answer 29

small depolarizations that can grow to be AP

Question 30

what produces EJP

Answer 30

corelease of ATP or sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulaation

Question 31

what muscel uses unitary

Answer 31

cardiac and smooth muscle

Question 32

what muscle uses multiunit

Answer 32

skeletal and smooth muscle

Question 33

what must unitary cells exhibit

Answer 33

electromechanical coupling