extra Flashcards

1
Q

spindle cell

A

smooth muscle

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2
Q

contractile element of muscle fibre

A

myofibril

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3
Q

functional unit of straited muscle

A

sarcomere

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4
Q

what is in the I band

A

z line and light fillaments

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5
Q

what is released at the motor endplate

A

acetylcholine

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6
Q

what does acetylcholine bind to in muscle

A

nicotinic receptors causing a lot of na to come in and little k to leave to depolarize and more na open to make AP

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7
Q

what ion depolarizes skeletal muscle

A

sodium

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8
Q

what do calcim ions bind to and what does this do

A

binds to troponin andthis causes tropomyosin to move over

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9
Q

where is troponin initially

A

on actin fillaments

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10
Q

VNO accessory olfactory bulb pathways

A

more restricted- amygdala and hypothalamus

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11
Q

subcortical route

A

to regions of limbic system, medial sides of temporal lobe (primary olfactory cortex)

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12
Q

thalamo cortical route

A

conscious perception of smell and fine discrimination of smell

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13
Q

what refines the sense of smell and relays it to brain for further processing

A

mitral cells

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14
Q

taste pathway in CNS

A

toungue
medulla and area postrema
pons
thalamus
insular and orbital cortex

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15
Q

ducts of the chochlea

A

vestibular duct
choclear duct
tympanic duct

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16
Q

what initiated neural pathway for auditory perception

A

hair cells in cochlea

17
Q

what do hair cells synapse with

A

nerve fibres of cochlear nerve that feed the auditory cortex

18
Q

where are auditody sound tracts split

A

in the medulla

19
Q

what muscles are used in VOR

A

extraocurlar muscle

20
Q

movement of what bends the cupula

21
Q

alternating slow and fast eye moveemnts in opposing directions

22
Q

what detects linear acceleartion

A

macula of the otolith

23
Q

3 neuron arc in hearing

A

primary cristae afferents (medial vestibular nucelus)

vestibular interneurons

abducens nuceus

extraocular lateral motorneuron

24
Q

3 neuron arc in hearing

A

primary cristae afferents (medial vestibular nucelus)

vestibular interneurons

abducens nuceus

extraocular lateral motorneuronin

25
increase pacemaker cell activity in the gut enhancing fut contracio and peristalic moevemets via electromechanical couplinh
M2 + M3
26
what inihibits myosin in smooth muscle
calponin and caldesmon removed when phosphoryalted by PKC
27
what opens and closes calcium channels in electromechancal contraction
depolarization and hyperpolarization depolarization opesn
28
what is ATP coreleased with
noreadrenaline and acetylcholine
29
EJP
small depolarizations that can grow to be AP
30
what produces EJP
corelease of ATP or sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulaation
31
what muscel uses unitary
cardiac and smooth muscle
32
what muscle uses multiunit
skeletal and smooth muscle
33
what must unitary cells exhibit
electromechanical coupling