extra Flashcards
spindle cell
smooth muscle
contractile element of muscle fibre
myofibril
functional unit of straited muscle
sarcomere
what is in the I band
z line and light fillaments
what is released at the motor endplate
acetylcholine
what does acetylcholine bind to in muscle
nicotinic receptors causing a lot of na to come in and little k to leave to depolarize and more na open to make AP
what ion depolarizes skeletal muscle
sodium
what do calcim ions bind to and what does this do
binds to troponin andthis causes tropomyosin to move over
where is troponin initially
on actin fillaments
VNO accessory olfactory bulb pathways
more restricted- amygdala and hypothalamus
subcortical route
to regions of limbic system, medial sides of temporal lobe (primary olfactory cortex)
thalamo cortical route
conscious perception of smell and fine discrimination of smell
what refines the sense of smell and relays it to brain for further processing
mitral cells
taste pathway in CNS
toungue
medulla and area postrema
pons
thalamus
insular and orbital cortex
ducts of the chochlea
vestibular duct
choclear duct
tympanic duct
what initiated neural pathway for auditory perception
hair cells in cochlea
what do hair cells synapse with
nerve fibres of cochlear nerve that feed the auditory cortex
where are auditody sound tracts split
in the medulla
what muscles are used in VOR
extraocurlar muscle
movement of what bends the cupula
endolymph
alternating slow and fast eye moveemnts in opposing directions
nystagmus
what detects linear acceleartion
macula of the otolith
3 neuron arc in hearing
primary cristae afferents (medial vestibular nucelus)
vestibular interneurons
abducens nuceus
extraocular lateral motorneuron
3 neuron arc in hearing
primary cristae afferents (medial vestibular nucelus)
vestibular interneurons
abducens nuceus
extraocular lateral motorneuronin
increase pacemaker cell activity in the gut enhancing fut contracio and peristalic moevemets via electromechanical couplinh
M2 + M3
what inihibits myosin in smooth muscle
calponin and caldesmon removed when phosphoryalted by PKC
what opens and closes calcium channels in electromechancal contraction
depolarization and hyperpolarization
depolarization opesn
what is ATP coreleased with
noreadrenaline and acetylcholine
EJP
small depolarizations that can grow to be AP
what produces EJP
corelease of ATP or sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve stimulaation
what muscel uses unitary
cardiac and smooth muscle
what muscle uses multiunit
skeletal and smooth muscle
what must unitary cells exhibit
electromechanical coupling
