extra Flashcards
where is the basal ganglia
in the white matter
affects motor control, cognition, emotions, learning
basal ganglia
degenration of dopaminergic neurons
parkinsons
degenration of caudate nucelus
huntingtons
where do cranial nerves originate
cerebellum
where is RAS
cerebellum
enhances mucsle tone and coordinates skilled movement
spinocerebellum
plans and initiates voluntary activity and stores procedural memories
cerebrocerebellum
balance and eye moevement
vestibulocerebelum
what depresses transmission in reticular formation
general anesthetics
where is limbic system
surrounds brainstem and not separate structure
ring of forebrain structures
includes portions of cerebral lobes, basal nuclei, thalamus, hypothalamus
limbic system
crotical structures of limbic system
medial prefrontal cortex
cinguate cortex
medial temporal cortex
what is habituation and sensitization a part of
short term memory
where does working memory take place
prefrontal cortex
where does info go after the cortexes
the angular gysys
what does EEG detect
depolarization in EPSP and IPSP
when is EEG not synchronyzed
when awake and RAS is active
neural loss of thalamus and hippocampus
alxhiemers
REM stage
paradoxial
nREM
delta- slow wave
ampitude negatively correlated with cortical activity
alpha rhythm
decreased synch with cortical activity
beta rhythm
what is decreased in beta activity
synch
index of cortical inactivity
alpha rhythm
what happnes to alpha waves when cortically active
low amplitude
what happnes to brain during sleep
brain overall activity does not reduces
it is an active proce
eye accomodation sympathetically controlled
far focys
sympathetic
pupil low light
when is PDE and transducen present
stimlted rhodopsin
what do PDE and transducin do
degrade cGMP, Ca cant enter bc cGMP not keeping channel open, hyperpolarization, less inhibitory neurotransmitters- removal of inhbition
what cells show lateral inhibition in the eye
horizontal cells
path of visual signals
optic nerve- optic chiasm- optic tract- thalamus- occipital lobe
where do preganglions synapse for sympathetic
trunk- vessles sweat glands
pass to synpase at cervical ganglia, collaterla ganglia, adrenal gland
trunk- sacral splancic nerve to pelvic organs
inibitory in heart and bladder
M2
how many chains of sympathetic ganglion
two chains on either side of vertebrae with additional in descending abdominal aorta (celiac and mesentric)
parasympathetic pupil
constricted
