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MED 310 > pregnancy > Flashcards

pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

what happens in early pregnancy for the endometrium

A

maintained in the secretory phase by estrogen and progesterone

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2
Q

the form the early embryo takes before implanting into the endometrium

A

the blastocyst

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3
Q

fertilized egg

A

zygote

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4
Q

the future embryo

A

inner cell mass of blastocyst

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5
Q

blastocyst hatching

A

last step before embryo can attatch to endometrium where blastocyst breaks out of ZP

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6
Q

when does uterine implantatin occur

A

6-7 days following fertilization

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7
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

embryo implantation anywhere but uterus. cannot be carried to term

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8
Q

what does the trophoblast do

A

enzymatically invades the endometrium

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9
Q

decidua

A

endometrium

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10
Q

surface layer of cells of blastocyst

A

trophoblast

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11
Q

why does the tropoblast enzymatically envade the endometrium

A

to release nutrients and begins process of placenta development

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12
Q

what do the tropoblast cells secrete

A

hormone hCG at high concentrations

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13
Q

what is hCG

A

pregnancy hormone

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14
Q

where is hCG also found

A

in urine and is the basis for the early pregnancy test

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15
Q

what is the function of hCG

A

prevent menstruation and support early stages of pregnancy

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16
Q

what is hCG similar to

A

LH and binds to its receptor

17
Q

what does LH do for hormone production of CL

A

sustains hormone production before fetus and placenta take oevr estrogen and progesterone production

18
Q

when does the fetus and placenta take ove restrogen and progesterone production

A

after 3 months

19
Q

what does hCG do with men

A

binds to LH receptors of leydig cells in the embryonic testis to stimulate testosterone production (wollfian ducts) (+DHT = male external genitalia)

20
Q

how long is the human gestation period

A

38 and 40 if you count 2 weeks since last menstrual period

21
Q

what happens at 8 weeks

A

human form and organ systems are established- embryo to fetal transition

22
Q

where does the human fetus develop

A

within the amnionic aac

23
Q

what is the amnion

A

fetal membrane developed from extra embryonic tissue that grows with the fetus eventually filing the uterine cavity filled with amnionic fluid

24
Q

amnionic fluid purpose

A

swallowed and urinated by fetus. provides buoyant chamber, allows for free movement, barrier to infection, temp control, stops adhesion to amnion

25
Q

what does the umbilical chord transport blood between

A

the fetus and placenta

26
Q

umbilical chord made up of

A

filled with tough but flexible connective tissue (whartons jelly) and 1 vein and 2 arteries

27
Q

umbilical arteries

A

deoxygenated blood and waste from fetus to placenta

28
Q

what does the mature placenta do

A

support gas, nutrient, waste exchange between fetal and maternal blood

29
Q

what is outside the amnion

A

chorionic membrane

30
Q

chorionic membrane structure

A

smooth and villous surfaces (placenta)

31
Q

purpose of chorionic villi

A

provide massive SA for metabolic exchange
150 mL of maternal blood exchanged at placenta 3-4 times per min

some float in maternal blood and some invade further to attatch to maternal lining anchoring placenta

32
Q

what is exchanged at the placenta

A

-ox delivered, co2 removed
-carb, FA, AA, vit, minerals, ions
-waste removal or uric acids, bilirubin
-passive and facilitaed diffusion, active transport, pinocytosis
-some chemicals like recreational drugs and viruses cross the placenta

33
Q

functions of placenta

A

hormone production, exchange listed before, anchoring vili provide structural integrity against placental loss, transfer of some immunoglobulin antibodies to fetus, prevents fetal rejection as foreign antigens

hormone production, anchorage, immunity, immunomodulatory

MED 310 (47 decks)

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