extra 5 Flashcards

1
Q

what inhibits the avtivity of osteoclasts

A

calcitonin

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2
Q

name for activated vitamin d3

A

caltictrol

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3
Q

what does low estrogen cause

A

higher chance of osteoporosis in menopausal women

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4
Q

canaiculi

A

is where the bone fluid in the labile pool of ca

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5
Q

what kind of hormone is calcitonin

A

peptide hormone

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6
Q

what favours resorption

A

PTH

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7
Q

what increases the risk of kidney stones

A

a high concentration of calcium in the renal filtrate due to hyperparathyroidism with high ca

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8
Q

what kind of hormone is PTH

A

peptide

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9
Q

primary cause of hyperparathyroidism

A

due to PTH tumor

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10
Q

osteomalacia

A

bone demineralization in adults, due to high PTH and low vitamin D

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11
Q

rickets

A

bone remineralization in kinds due to high PTH and low vitamin D

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12
Q

what causes failure of respiration

A

low PTH- hypoparathyroidism

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13
Q

what is tetany and parasthesia cuased by

A

hypoparathyroidism

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14
Q

what does PTH do to phophate in kidneys

A

increase its excretion

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15
Q

7-dehydrocholesterol

A

the biologically inactive precursor of vitamin D3 calcitriol

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16
Q

what does estrogen do

A

increases osteoblast activity and decreases osteoclast activity

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17
Q

what kind of hormone is vitamin d

A

steroid

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18
Q

treatment of rickets

A

vitamin D therapy

19
Q

what does cortisol do to ca regulation

20
Q

passive filtration of ca
does it go into our out of kidney

A

into kidney from ECF

21
Q

what stimulates PTH secretion

A

low plasma ca

22
Q

what do osteoclasts secrete

A

enzymes and acid

23
Q

bone resoprtion meaning

A

taking calcium into ECF from bone

24
Q

what kind of hyperparathyroidism causes rickets and osteomalacia

A

hyperparathyroidism with vitamin d deficiency

25
what activates genes in dozen cell types in the body
vitamin D
26
what activates genes in dozen cell types in the body
vitamin Dl
27
limited tissue distribution
the idea that alle GLUTs but 4 are present on thier cell membrane
28
insulin effect on fat metabolism
dec FA and increases triglyceride storage inhibits lipolyiss
29
what inhibits lipolyisis
insulin
30
how is diabetes mellitus diagnosed
glucose tolerance test
31
what hormone does high AA stimulate the secretion of
glucagon
32
what diseases occur due to glycosylation reactions
neuropathy, nephropaty, cardiovascular disease
33
where do the endorcrine hormones of the pancreas drain from
the hepatic portal vein
34
what do glucocorticoids and stress do to insulin receptors
decrease thier affinity
35
what does glucagon break down
everything
36
what does protein anabolism
insulin
37
what does adrenal gland insuficiency lead to
increasing affinity of insulin receptors
38
which tissues dont need insulin for glucose uptake
brain and liver
39
what does glucose entry in small intestine stimulate
GIP and GLP-1
40
what does higher parasympathetic activtity lead to
insulin release
41
what does a beta cell tumor cause
hypoglycemai
42
what increases the formatin of ketone bodies from fatty acids
glucagon
43
what acts in paracrine fashion
somatostatin